Echoes from the dark: Galaxy catalog incompleteness in standard siren cosmology

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Volume 706 (February 2026)

A&A, 706 (2026) A199

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Table A.2.

Constraints on H₀ from 100 BBHs in an LVK O5-like scenario for different galaxy catalog completeness levels and host weightings.

Completeness	`mock 0 – w ∝ const.`			`mock 1 – w ∝ M_★`			`mock 2 – w ∝ M_★²`

	⟨P_compl⟩	N_host	H₀	⟨P_compl⟩	N_host	H₀	⟨P_compl⟩	N_host	H₀
	(%)		(km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹)	(%)		(km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹)	(%)		(km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹)
Complete	89.8	100	$70 . 6_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.1} (1.6 %)$ $70.6^{+1.1}_{-1.1}\ (1.6\%)$	89.6	100	$70 . 3_{- 0.9}^{+ 0.9} (1.3 %)$ $70.3^{+0.9}_{-0.9}\ (1.3\%)$	93.8	100	$69 . 9_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6} (0.9 %)$ $69.9^{+0.6}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
log₁₀ (M_★/M_⊙) > 9.5	51.5	26	$70 . 9_{- 1.4}^{+ 1.5} (2.0 %)$ $70.9^{+1.5}_{-1.4}\ (2.0\%)$	85.8	90	$70 . 4_{- 0.9}^{+ 0.9} (1.3 %)$ $70.4^{+0.9}_{-0.9}\ (1.3\%)$	93.8	99	$70 . 1_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6} (0.9 %)$ $70.1^{+0.6}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
log₁₀ (M_★/M_⊙) > 10.0	23.6	14	$71 . 2_{- 1.8}^{+ 1.9} (2.6 %)$ $71.2^{+1.9}_{-1.8}\ (2.6\%)$	71.9	76	$70 . 6_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.9} (1.2 %)$ $70.6^{+0.9}_{-0.8}\ (1.2\%)$	93.5	97	$70 . 2_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.7} (0.9 %)$ $70.2^{+0.7}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
log₁₀ (M_★/M_⊙) > 10.5	6.94	5	$70 . 9_{- 3.3}^{+ 3.4} (4.7 %)$ $70.9^{+3.4}_{-3.3}\ (4.7\%)$	44.5	45	$70 . 2_{- 0.7}^{+ 0.7} (1.0 %)$ $70.2^{+0.7}_{-0.7}\ (1.0\%)$	89.5	86	$70 . 2_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6} (0.9 %)$ $70.2^{+0.6}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
log₁₀ (M_★/M_⊙) > 11.0	0.83	1	$71 . 2_{- 6.7}^{+ 10.5} (12 %)$ $71.2^{+10.5}_{-6.7}\ (12\%)$	12.6	13	$70 . 7_{- 1.7}^{+ 2.6} (3.1 %)$ $70.7^{+2.6}_{-1.7}\ (3.1\%)$	52.3	31	$70 . 0_{- 0.7}^{+ 0.7} (1.0 %)$ $70.0^{+0.7}_{-0.7}\ (1.0\%)$
log₁₀ (M_★/M_⊙) > 11.5	0.01	0	$71 . 2_{- 8.0}^{+ 13.9} (15 %)$ $71.2^{+13.9}_{-8.0}\ (15\%)$	0.53	2	$72 . 4_{- 5.7}^{+ 12.8} (13 %)$ $72.4^{+12.8}_{-5.7}\ (13\%)$	5.56	1	$68 . 9_{- 1.8}^{+ 1.8} (2.6 %)$ $68.9^{+1.8}_{-1.8}\ (2.6\%)$
i < 24	65.6	84	$70 . 5_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.1} (1.7 %)$ $70.5^{+1.1}_{-1.2}\ (1.7\%)$	76.8	99	$70 . 4_{- 0.7}^{+ 0.7} (1.1 %)$ $70.4^{+0.7}_{-0.7}\ (1.1\%)$	85.2	100	$70 . 2_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6} (0.9 %)$ $70.2^{+0.6}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
i < 22	14.4	34	$70 . 5_{- 1.6}^{+ 1.5} (2.2 %)$ $70.5^{+1.5}_{-1.6}\ (2.2\%)$	42.6	83	$70 . 3_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.9} (1.2 %)$ $70.3^{+0.9}_{-0.8}\ (1.2\%)$	53.5	89	$70 . 0_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6} (0.9 %)$ $70.0^{+0.6}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
i < 20	2.63	10	$69 . 9_{- 3.4}^{+ 3.0} (4.6 %)$ $69.9^{+3.0}_{-3.4}\ (4.6\%)$	20.9	43	$70 . 4_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.8} (1.1 %)$ $70.4^{+0.8}_{-0.8}\ (1.1\%)$	30.8	68	$70 . 0_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.7} (0.9 %)$ $70.0^{+0.7}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
i < 18	0.40	0	$69 . 9_{- 6.9}^{+ 9.2} (12 %)$ $69.9^{+9.2}_{-6.9}\ (12\%)$	7.22	17	$69 . 7_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.9} (1.2 %)$ $69.7^{+0.9}_{-0.8}\ (1.2\%)$	15.2	33	$70 . 0_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6} (0.9 %)$ $70.0^{+0.6}_{-0.6}\ (0.9\%)$
i < 16	0.03	0	$70 . 9_{- 7.9}^{+ 13.4} (15 %)$ $70.9^{+13.4}_{-7.9}\ (15\%)$	1.14	3	$71 . 4_{- 1.3}^{+ 7.7} (6.3 %)$ $71.4^{+7.7}_{-1.3}\ (6.3\%)$	4.17	2	$77 . 0_{- 8.7}^{+ 6.9} (10 %)$ $77.0^{+6.9}_{-8.7}\ (10\%)$
Empty/Spectral	0	0	$71 . 5_{- 8.5}^{+ 14.7} (16 %)$ $71.5^{+14.7}_{-8.5}\ (16\%)$	0	0	$77 . 0_{- 7.8}^{+ 13.8} (14 %)$ $77.0^{+13.8}_{-7.8}\ (14\%)$	0	0	$72 . 2_{- 10.9}^{+ 14.9} (18 %)$ $72.2^{+14.9}_{-10.9}\ (18\%)$

Notes. ⟨P_compl⟩ is a comoving volume-weighted average within the GW detector horizon, 0 < z < 1.4.

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