Comparison of the degree to which the population distributions provided by the two versions of the MURaM code conform to the radiative balance. Radiative upward and downward transition rates are computed from the populations shown in Fig. 5 using the Lightweaver code and are illustrated in panels (a)-(d). Panels (e) and (f) show the degree of deviation from the detailed radiative balance condition in the results from the two versions, with the calculation formula provided in the title. The time corresponding to the simulated data is t = 20 s. The rate coefficients at high temperatures (T > 0.2 MK) were manually set to zero to emphasize the results in the lower atmosphere.