Upper panel: Eddington parameter (λ_Edd) as a function of galaxy stellar mass (M_★). The dark grey shaded region indicates the regime of radiatively efficient (SSD) accretion, while the light grey region marks the radiatively inefficient (ADAF) regime. Lower panel: BH mass as a function of M_★ (the M_BH − M_★ relation). Median trends for each galaxy subsample are shown, where the median values were estimated by dividing the stellar mass into five bins. Error bars represent 95% CIs for the medians estimated via bootstrap resampling. The dashed vertical lines in both panels indicate the stellar mass threshold separating the low-mass and high-mass subsamples.