Probability of having LOS velocity ∼2500 km s⁻¹ of a galaxy in the vicinity of a massive cluster for different projected distances R_p (based on Magneticum simulations, see Sect. 3.3.4). The velocity is normalized by the circular speed of the cluster V_500c ≈ V_200c. The sign of the velocity is set by the sign of the radial velocity component (negative – infalling). The observed position of NGC 1265 corresponds to the black curve (R_p ∼ 0.5R_500c). At this projected distance, the PDF(V) is rather similar for galaxies moving towards the cluster center or away from it. The dashed green vertical lines show the observed NGC 1265 velocity in units of V_500c. The probability of finding such a high velocity is ∼0.1% – low but not prohibitively low. The Hubble expansion is not added to galaxies’ velocities.