IC310 case – massive group at projected distance R_p = 0.7R_500c. The plot is similar to Fig. 10 but now the red curve shows PDF(V) for massive subhalos with stellar mass in the range 10¹² − 10¹³ M_⊙. This distribution is now very asymmetric between infalling and outgoing halos, presumably due to dynamic friction. The IC310 has a small LOS velocity, consistent with an object not far from the pericenter. The Hubble expansion is not added to galaxies’ velocities.