Comparison between theoretical models and observational data for (a) GRB 120326A and (b) GRB 160131A. Theoretical light curves are shown for the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) mechanism (solid lines) and the neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) mechanism (dashed lines), following the same convention as in Figures 1 and 2. Observational data are indicated by red circles, with lighter shading showing the error bars. The upper panel exhibits a steep luminosity decay ($L_{\nu \overline{\nu }}\propto t^{-3.72}$–t^−7.83), consistent with NDAF predictions, whereas the lower panel shows a shallower decay (L ∝ t^−1.67), matching BZ model expectations.