Workflow of the CTI calibration strategy: initial estimates for the release time constants (τ_r,k) are obtained by fitting an empirical model to the overscan signal; smearing is corrected via a column-wise exponential-plus-constant fit; the mean trap density is modelled as a quadratic polynomial to reproduce its radial dependence; and the EPER method is applied, in conjunction with a CTI correction algorithm, to iteratively fit the polynomial coefficients and the well-fill power-law index (β), and to refine the release time constants (τ_r,k).