Final specific orbital energy (ϵ_c) with different β. The upper and lower panel correspond to ϵ_c normalized to GM_★/R_★ and G M_⊙/R_⊙, respectively. The zoomed-in insets show the results of β ≲ 1. In the inset in the upper panel, the dashed red and blue lines represent main-sequence star (MS) disruptions for the γ = 5/3 and γ = 4/3 cases studied by Chen et al. (2024), respectively (see the main text for details).