Spatial distribution of central galaxies relative to cosmic web topology. The figure shows central galaxies within a −5° to 15° declination slice of the SDSS Legacy North survey. The panels display the spatial positions of central galaxies, characterised by their minimum three-dimensional distance to the four DisPerSE critical point types (Maxima, Minima, Filament saddles, and Wall saddles). The colour-coding represents the scaled distance to the corresponding critical point, given by log₁₀(distance + 1).