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Fig. 2

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Survival of a 10 MJ gas-giant planet orbiting a 2 M star for different initial semimajor axes and eccentricities. Red stars indicate engulfment, while blue circles stand for survival of the planet. We assumed two different approximations for the convective turnover time, τconv. Following R96 (right panel), many more planets are engulfed than when assuming the prescription suggested by VL09 (left panel). In both cases, the survival of substellar objects depends on the eccentricity of the orbit, with more eccentric orbits leading more frequently to engulfment. Due to stronger tides, this dependence is more pronounced assuming the approximation by R96. For initial semimajor axes ≥ 8 au, the effects of tidal forces are negligible except for very large eccentricities.

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