Thermal phase curves and eclipses for the TRAPPIST-1 e system. Panel a: total thermal phase curve of the planet and a 3000 km tidally locked airless exomoon (blue line). Panel b: total thermal phase curve of the planet and a 3000 km exomoon with uniform temperature (dashed line). The exomoons orbit at 33 300 km around TRAPPIST-1 e. The red lines in panels (a) and (b) show the planetary phase curve alone, i.e. the ratio of the planetary infrared emission to the stellar infrared emission. Panel c: occultation scenarios, with the exomoon blocked by the planet. The red indicators on the exomoon markers show the 180^° longitude. Panel d: transit scenarios, with the exoplanet blocked by the exomoon. The observation direction in panels (c) and (d) is from bottom to top, as indicated by the black arrows at the bottom.