Fig. 5.

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Direct Te-based metallicity 12 + log(O/H) versus (dust-corrected) UV magnitude, MUV. Also shown are the direct metallicity measurements of MACS0647-JD1 at z = 10.17 from Hsiao et al. (2024a) and GN-z11 at 10.6 from Álvarez-Márquez et al. (2025). We fitted an empirical relation to the measurements (including strong-line derived values where only Te-based lower limits are available), shown in solid black with 1σ errors represented by the shaded grey region. The best-fit relation is reported in the bottom right, with the associated Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, ρ and r, indicating a strong correlation; the most massive, UV-bright galaxies are more metal-enriched.
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