Fundamental metallicity relation at z > 9. Direct T_e metallicities and upper limits for the z > 9 sample are shown in hot pink and light pink, respectively, with the weighted mean of the sample indicated by the purple star. The local FMR (Curti et al. 2020) is plotted in dark blue, and extrapolated to lower μ_α. Grey scatter points represent the PRIMAL z = 3 − 10 sample, with grey markers being the median of stellar mass bins. The solid black and grey error bars on these points represent the error on the median, and the standard deviation of each bin, respectively. We compare to previous high-z JWST results with diamonds from Curti et al. (2024) and circles from Heintz et al. (2023a). The shaded blue region shows predictions from the Astraeus simulations for z = 7 − 10.