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Home All issues Volume 708 (April 2026) A&A, 708 (2026) A185 Full HTML
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Table E.1

Chemical surface reactions r assumed to form the solid materials.

Index r Solid s Surface reaction a Key species
1 TiO2[s] TiO2 → TiO2[s] TiO2
2 rutile Ti + 2 H2O → TiO2[s] + 2 H2 Ti
3 (1) TiO + H2O → TiO2[s] + H2 TiO
4 TiS + 2 H2O → TiO2[s] + H2S + H2 TiS
5 SiO2[s] SiH + 2 H2O → SiO2[s] + 2 H2 + H SiH
6 silica SiO + H2O → SiO2[s] + H2 SiO
7 (3) SiS + 2 H2O → SiO2[s] + H2S + H2 SiS
8 SiO[s] SiO → SiO[s] SiO
9 silicon mono-oxide 2 SiH + 2 H2O → 2 SiO[s] + 3 H2 SiH
10 (2) SiS + H2O → SiO[s] + H2S SiS
11 Fe[s] Fe → Fe[s] Fe
12 solid iron FeO + H2 → Fe[s] + H2O FeO
13 (1) FeS + H2 → Fe[s] + H2S FeS
14 Fe(OH)2 + H2 → Fe[s] + 2 H2O Fe(OH)2
15 2 FeH → 2 Fe[s] + H2 FeH
16 FeO[s] FeO → FeO[s] FeO
17 iron (II) oxide Fe + H2O → FeO[s] + H2 Fe
18 (3) FeS + H2O → FeO[s] + H2S FeS
19 Fe(OH)2 → FeO[s] + H2 Fe(OH)2
20 2 FeH + 2 H2O → 2 FeO[s] + 3 H2 FeH
21 FeS[s] FeS → FeS[s] FeS
22 iron sulphide Fe + H2S → FeS[s] + H2 Fe
23 (3) FeO + H2S → FeS[s] + H2O min{FeO, H2S}
24 Fe(OH)2 + H2S → FeS[s] + 2 H2O min{Fe(OH)2, H2S}
25 2 FeH + 2 H2S → 2 FeS[s] + 3 H2 min{FeH, H2S}
26 Fe2O3[s] 2 Fe + 3 H2O → Fe2O3[s] + 3 H2 ½ Fe
27 iron (III) oxide 2 FeO + H2O → Fe2O3[s] + H2 ½ FeO
28 (3) 2 FeS + 3 H2O → Fe2O3[s] + 2 H2S + H2 ½ FeS
29 2 Fe(OH)2 → Fe2O3[s] + H2O + H2 ½ Fe(OH)2
30 2 FeH + 3 H2O → Fe2O3[s] + 4 H2 ½ FeH
31 MgO[s] Mg + H2O → MgO[s] + H2 Mg
32 periclase 2 MgH + 2 H2O → 2 MgO[s] + 3 H2 ½ MgH
33 (3) 2 MgOH → 2 MgO[s] + H2 ½ MgOH
34 Mg(OH)2 → MgO[s] + H2O Mg(OH)2
35 MgSiO3[s] Mg + SiO + 2 H2O → MgSiO3[s] + H2 min{Mg, SiO}
36 enstatite Mg + SiS + 3 H2O → MgSiO3[s] + H2S + 2 H2 min{Mg, SiS}
37 (3) 2 Mg + 2 SiH + 6 H2O → 2 MgSiO3[s] + 7 H2 min{Mg, SiH}
38 2 MgOH + 2 SiO + 2 H2O → 2 MgSiO3[s] + 3 H2 min{½MgOH, ½SiO}
39 2 MgOH + 2 SiS + 4 H2O → 2 MgSiO3[s] + 2 H2S + 3 H2 min{½MgOH, ½SiS}
40 MgOH + SiH + 2 H2O → MgSiO3[s] + 3 H2 min{½MgOH, ½SiH}
41 Mg(OH)2 + SiO → 2 MgSiO3[s] + H2 min{Mg(OH)2, SiO}
42 Mg(OH)2 + SiS + H2O → MgSiO3[s] + H2S+ H2 min{Mg(OH)2, SiS}
43 2 Mg(OH)2 + 2 SiH + 2 H2O → 2 MgSiO3[s] + 5 H2 min{Mg(OH)2, SiH}
44 2 MgH + 2 SiO + 4 H2O → 2 MgSiO3[s]+ 5 H2 min{MgH, SiO}
45 2 MgH + 2 SiS + 6 H2O → 2 MgSiO3[s]+ 2 H2S + 5 H2 min{MgH, SiS}
46 MgH + SiH + 3 H2O → MgSiO3[s]+ 4 H2 min{MgH, SiH}
47 Mg2SiO4[s] 2 Mg + SiO + 3 H2O → Mg2SiO4[s] + 3 H2 min{½Mg, SiO}
48 forsterite 2 MgOH + SiO + H2O → Mg2SiO4[s] + 2 H2 min{½MgOH, SiO}
49 (3) 2 Mg(OH)2 + SiO → Mg2SiO4[s] + H2O + H2 min{½Mg(OH)2, SiO}
50 2 MgH + SiO + 3 H2O → Mg2SiO4[s] + 4 H2 min{½MgH, SiO}
51 2 Mg + SiS + 4 H2O → Mg2SiO4[s] + H2S + 3 H2 min{½Mg, SiS}
52 2 MgOH + SiS + 2 H2O → Mg2SiO4[s] + H2S + 2 H2 min{½MgOH, SiS}
53 2 Mg(OH)2 + SiS → Mg2SiO4[s] + H2 + H2S min{½Mg(OH)2, SiS}
54 2 MgH + SiS + 4 H2O → Mg2SiO4[s] + H2S + 4 H2 min{½MgH, SiS}
55 4 Mg + 2 SiH + 8 H2O → 2 Mg2SiO4[s] + 9 H2 min{½Mg, SiH}
56 4 MgOH + 2 SiH + 4 H2O → 2 Mg2SiO4[s] + 7 H2 min{½MgOH, SiH}
57 4 Mg(OH)2 + 2 SiH → 2 Mg2SiO4[s] + 5 H2 min{½Mg(OH)2, SiH}
58 4 MgH + 2 SiH + 8 H2O → 2 Mg2SiO4[s] + 11 H2 min{½MgH, SiS}
59 Al2O3[s] 2 Al + 3 H2O → Al2O3[s] + 3 H2 ½Al
60 aluminia 2 AlOH + H2O → Al2O3[s] + 2 H2 ½AlOH
61 (3) 2 AlH + 3 H2O → Al2O3[s] + 4 H2 ½AlH
62 Al2O + 2 H2O → Al2O3[s] + 2 H2 Al2O
63 2 AlO2H → Al2O3[s] + H2O ½AlO2H
64 CaTiO3[s] Ca + Ti + 3 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + 3 H2 min{Ca, Ti}
65 perovskite Ca + TiO + 2 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + 2 H2 min{Ca, TiO}
66 (3) Ca + TiO2 + H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2 min{Ca, TiO2}
67 Ca + TiS + 3 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2S + 2 H2 min{Ca, TiS}
68 CaO + Ti + 2 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + 2 H2 min{CaO, Ti}
69 CaO + TiO + H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2 min{CaO, TiO}
70 CaO + TiO2 → CaTiO3[s] min{CaO, TiO2}
71 CaO + TiS + 2 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2S + H2 min{CaO, TiO}
72 CaS + Ti + 3 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2S + H2 min{CaS, Ti}
73 CaS + TiO + 2 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2S + 2 H2 min{CaS, TiO}
74 CaS + TiO2 + H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2S min{CaS, TiO2}
75 CaS + TiS + 3 H2O → CaTiO3[s] + 2 H2S + H2 min{CaS, TiO}
76 Ca(OH)2 + Ti + H2O → CaTiO3[s] + 2 H2 min{Ca(OH)2, Ti}
77 Ca(OH)2 + TiO → CaTiO3[s] + H2 min{Ca(OH)2, TiO}
78 Ca(OH)2 + TiO2 → CaTiO3[s] + H2O min{Ca(OH)2, TiO2}
79 Ca(OH)2 + TiS + H2O → CaTiO3[s] + H2S + H2 min{Ca(OH)2, TiO}
80 2 CaH + 2 Ti + 6 H2O → 2 CaTiO3[s] + 7 H2 min{CaH, Ti}
81 2 CaH + 2 TiO + 4 H2O → 2 CaTiO3 [s] + 5 H2 min{CaH, TiO}
82 2 CaH + 2 TiO2 + 2 H2O → 2 CaTiO3[s] + 3 H2 min{CaH, TiO2 }
83 2 CaH + 2 TiS + 6 H2O → 2 CaTiO3[s] + 2 H2S +5 H2 min{CaH, TiS}
84 2 CaOH + 2 Ti + 4 H2O → 2 CaTiO3 [s] + 5 H2 min{CaOH, Ti}
85 2 CaOH + 2 TiO + 2 H2O → 2 CaTiO3[s] + 3 H2 min{CaOH, TiO}
86 2 CaOH + 2 TiO2 → 2 CaTiO3[s] + H2 min{CaOH, TiO2 }
87 2 CaOH + 2 TiS + 4 H2O → 2 CaTiO3[s] + 2 H2S + 3 H2 min{CaOH, TiS}
88 CaSiO3[s] Ca + SiO + 2 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + 2 H2 min{Ca, SiO}
89 Wollastonite Ca + SiS + 3 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + H2S + 2 H2 min{Ca, SiS}
90 (4) 2 Ca + 2 SiH + 6 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 7 H2 min{Ca, SiH}
91 CaO + SiO + 1 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + H2 min{CaO, SiO}
92 CaO + SiS + 2 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + H2S + H2 min{CaO, SiS}
93 2 CaO + 2 SiH + 4 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 5 H2 min{CaO, SiH}
94 CaS + SiO + 2 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + H2S + H2 min{CaS, SiO}
95 CaS + SiS + 3 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + 2 H2S + H2 min{CaS, SiS}
96 2 CaS + 2 SiH + 6 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 2 H2S + 5 H2 min{CaS, SiH}
97 2 CaOH + 2 SiO + 2 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 5 H2 min{CaOH, SiO}
98 2 CaOH + 2 SiS + 4 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 2 H2S + 3 H2 min{CaOH, SiS}
99 CaOH + SiH + 2 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + 3 H2 min{CaOH, SiH}
100 Ca(OH)2 + SiO → CaSiO3[s] + H2 min{Ca(OH)2, SiO}
101 Ca(OH)2 + SiS + H2O → CaSiO3[s] + H2S + H2 min{Ca(OH)2, SiS}
102 2 Ca(OH)2 + 2 SiH + 2 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 5 H2 min{Ca(OH)2, SiH}
103 2 CaH + 2 SiO + 4 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 5 H2 min{CaH, SiO}
104 2 CaH + 2 SiS + 6 H2O → 2 CaSiO3[s] + 2 H2S + 5 H2 min{CaH, SiS}
105 CaH + SiH + 3 H2O → CaSiO3[s] + 4 H2 min{CaH, SiH}
106 Fe2SiO4[s] 2 Fe + SiO + 3 H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + 3 H2 min{½ Fe, SiO}
107 Fayalite 2 Fe + SiS + 4 H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + H2S + 3 H2 min{½Fe, SiS}
108 (4) 4 Fe + 2 SiH + 8 H2O → 2 Fe2SiO4[s] + 9 H2 min{½Fe, SiH}
109 2 FeO + SiO + H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + H2 min{½FeO, SiO}
110 2 FeO + SiS + 2 H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + H2S + H2 min{½FeO, SiS}
111 4 FeO + 2 SiH + 4 H2O → 2 Fe2SiO4[s] + 5 H2 min{½FeO, SiH}
112 2 FeS + SiO + 3 H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + 2 H2S + H2 min{½FeS, SiO}
113 2 FeS + SiS + 4 H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + 3 H2S + H2 min{½FeS, SiS}
114 4 FeS + 2 SiH + 8 H2O → 2 Fe2SiO4[s] + 4 H2S + 5 H2 min{½FeS, SiH}
115 2 Fe(OH)2 + SiO → Fe2SiO4[s] + H2O + H2 min{½Fe(OH)2, SiO}
116 2 Fe(OH)2 + SiS → Fe2SiO4[s] + H2S + H2 min{½Fe(OH)2, SiS}
117 4 Fe(OH)2 + 2 SiH → 2 Fe2SiO4[s] + 5 H2 min{½Fe(OH)2, SiH}
118 2 FeH + SiO + 3 H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + 4 H2 min{½FeH, SiO}
119 2 FeH + SiS + 4 H2O → Fe2SiO4[s] + H2S + 4 H2 min{½Fe(OH)2, SiS}
120 4 FeH + 2 SiH + 8 H2O → 2 Fe2SiO4[s] + 11 H2 min{½Fe(OH)2, SiH}
121 KCl[s] K + Cl → KCl[s] min{K, Cl}
122 Sylvite KCl → KCl[s] KCl
123 (7) 2 K + 2 HCl → 2 KCl[s] + H2 min{½ K, ½KCl}
124 (KCl)2 → 2 KCl[s] (KCl)2
125 KOH + HCl → KCl[s] + H2O min{ KOH, HCl}
126 KH + HCl → KCl[s] + H2 min{ KH, HCl}
127 NaCl[s] 2 Na + 2 HCL → 2 NaCl[s] + H2 min{Na, HCl}
128 Halite NaCl → NaCl[s] NaCl
129 (7) (NaCl)2 → 2 NaCl[s] (NaCl)2
130 NaOH + HCl → 2 NaCl[s] + H2O min{NaOH, NaCl}
131 NaH + HCl → 2 NaCl[s] + H2 min{NaH, HCl}
132 (NaOH)2 + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl[s] + 2 H2O min{(NaOH)2, ½HCl}

a: The efficiency or the reaction is limited by the collision rate of the key species, which has the lowest abundance among the reactants. The notation ½ in the r.h.s. column means that only every second collision (and sticking) event initiates one reaction. Data sources for the supersaturation ratios (and saturation vapor pressures): (1) Helling & Woitke (2006); (2) Nuth & Ferguson (2006); (3) Sharp & Huebner (1990); (4) Woitke et al. (2017)

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