Upper panel: overview of the three phases shown in the upper panels of Fig. 6. The plot shows a stack of 1600 snapshots of the system from T = 120 000 to T = 200 000 (96 to 160 years respectively in the Chariklo case) with time steps ∆T = 50 Chariklo’s revolutions (about 15 days). The three phases I, II, and III described in the text are indicated by the arrows. Lower panel: phase III quasi-stationary stage obtained at the end of our run (we note the change in radial scale compared with the upper panel). A total of 780 snapshots taken from T = 256 500 to T = 257 280 (204.94 to 205.57 years) with time steps ∆T = 1 Chariklo’s revolution (about 7 h) have been stacked. A quasi steady state is reached, where the eccentricity damping due to collisions is balanced by the resonance excitation. On the long term (not reached here), a leakage of particles toward larger semimajor axes would be observed, as illustrated in Fig. 17, where a larger mass anomaly µ = 0.03 is used.