Detectability of continuous gravitational waves from planetary-mass companions orbiting compact stars

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Volume 708 (April 2026)

A&A, 708 (2026) A182

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Table A.1

Parameters of the sources considered in this study.

Source name	m₂	P_orb	e	D_L	m₁	ḟ_gw	References
	(M_jup)	(day)		(pc)	(M_⊙)	(Hz s^-1)
Source with a PSR primary

2S 0918-549 b	27.8±2.6	0.012083	...	$4243_{- 868}^{+ 1468}$ $Mathematical equation: $4243^{+1468}_{-868}$$	1.4	2.08e-18	[1,2]
4U 0513-40 b	47.1	0.011806	...	$11951_{- 133}^{+ 134}$ $Mathematical equation: $11951^{+134}_{-133}$$	1.4	3.81e-18	[3,4,5]
4U 0614+09 b	14.9	0.035625	...	$3300_{- 2400}^{+ 1300}$ $Mathematical equation: $3300^{+1300}_{-2400}$$	1.4	2.12e-20	[4,6,7]
4U 1543-62 b	42.4	0.012500	...	$3300_{- 1900}^{+ 3300}$ $Mathematical equation: $3300^{+3300}_{-1900}$$	1.4	2.79e-18	[4,8,9]
4U 1626-67 b	41.9	0.027777	...	4500±1500	1.4	1.47e-19	[4,10,11]
4U 1850-086 b	41.9	0.014292	...	$7382_{- 233}^{+ 240}$ $Mathematical equation: $7382^{+240}_{-233}$$	1.4	1.69e-18	[4,5,12]
4U 1905+000 b	52.4	0.055417	...	8750±1250	1.4	1.46e-20	[4,13,14]
IGR J17062-6143 b	22.6	0.026368	...	7300±500	1.7±0.3	1.10e-19	[4,15,16]
M15 X-2 b	35.6	0.015667	...	$10709_{- 95}^{+ 96}$ $Mathematical equation: $10709^{+96}_{-95}$$	1.4	1.02e-18	[4,17]
MAXI J0911-655 b	29.3	0.030764	...	$10060_{- 111}^{+ 112}$ $Mathematical equation: $10060^{+112}_{-111}$$	1.4	7.11e-20	[5,18]
NGC 6440 X-2 b	8.0	0.040022	0.07	$8248_{- 241}^{+ 248}$ $Mathematical equation: $8248^{+248}_{-241}$$	1.4	7.67e-21	[5,19]
NGC 6652B b	17.4	0.030278	...	$9464_{- 137}^{+ 139}$ $Mathematical equation: $9464^{+139}_{-137}$$	1.4	4.49e-20	[4,5,20]
PSR J0636+5129 b	8.5	0.066551	...	$210_{- 20}^{+ 30}$ $Mathematical equation: $210^{+30}_{-20}$$	1.4	1.22e-21	[21,22]
PSR J1311-3430 b	12.6±0.6	0.065000	...	3010±150	2.22±0.1	2.69e-21	[23]
PSR J1653-0158 b	14.7±1.0	0.052083	...	$870_{- 80}^{+ 70}$ $Mathematical equation: $870^{+70}_{-80}$$	2.15±0.16	6.92e-21	[23]
XB 1916-053 b	15.6±1.0	0.034583	...	8800±1300	1.4	2.47e-20	[4,14,24]
XTE J1751-305 b	36.7	0.029460	...	7600±900	1.7±0.3	1.19e-19	[4,25,26]
XTE J1807-294 b	15.6±7.5	0.027829	...	5500±2500	1.5±0.5	5.74e-20	[4,27]
ZTF J1406+1222 Ab	52.4	0.054057	...	1140±200	1.4	1.60e-20	[28]

Source with a WD primary

AL Com b	49.2±10.5	0.056668	...	$523_{- 149}^{+ 252}$ $Mathematical equation: $523^{+252}_{-149}$$	0.9±0.3	9.37e-21	[29,30]
ASASSN-16kr b	44.0±1.0	0.061286	...	${160.50}_{- 6.57}^{+ 7.16}$ $Mathematical equation: $160.50^{+7.16}_{-6.57}$$	0.952±0.018	6.54e-21	[31,32]
ASASSN-17jf b	62.9±8.4	0.056790	...	${260.70}_{- 42.27}^{+ 62.55}$ $Mathematical equation: $260.70^{+62.55}_{-42.27}$$	0.669±0.031	9.63e-21	[2,31]
BW Scl b	53.4±6.3	0.054324	...	${93.65}_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.46}$ $Mathematical equation: $93.65^{+0.46}_{-0.46}$$	0.85±0.04	1.14e-20	[33]
CP Eri b	51.3±21.0	0.019690	...	${743.44}_{- 126.54}^{+ 191.84}$ $Mathematical equation: $743.44^{+191.84}_{-126.54}$$	0.8±0.1	4.34e-19	[2,34,35]
CR Boo b	69.1±23.0	0.017025	...	${351.64}_{- 4.48}^{+ 4.60}$ $Mathematical equation: $351.64^{+4.60}_{-4.48}$$	0.885±0.215	1.06e-18	[2,34,36]
CRTS J012059.6+325545 b	49.8±5.3	0.057145	...	${330.04}_{- 40.74}^{+ 54.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $330.04^{+54.10}_{-40.74}$$	0.586±0.29	6.84e-21	[2,37,38]
CRTS J1122-1110 b	14.7±5.2	0.045300	...	${701.16}_{- 254.66}^{+ 930.69}$ $Mathematical equation: $701.16^{+930.69}_{-254.66}$$	0.83±0.23	6.08e-21	[2,39]
DI UMa b	53.4±11.5	0.054558	...	$685_{- 31}^{+ 43}$ $Mathematical equation: $685^{+43}_{-31}$$	0.83±0.17	1.10e-20	[30,40]
EF Eri b	83.7±3.0	0.056260	...	${160.44}_{- 3.57}^{+ 3.73}$ $Mathematical equation: $160.44^{+3.73}_{-3.57}$$	0.9	1.62e-20	[2,38]
EG Cnc b	32.5±7.3	0.059940	...	${186.55}_{- 6.69}^{+ 7.21}$ $Mathematical equation: $186.55^{+7.21}_{-6.69}$$	1.03±0.05	5.55e-21	[2,29,30]
EPIC 212235321 b	57.6±10.5	0.047370	...	${386.83}_{- 23.68}^{+ 26.99}$ $Mathematical equation: $386.83^{+26.99}_{-23.68}$$	0.47±0.01	1.35e-20	[32,41,42]
EZ Lyn b	44.0±14.7	0.059580	...	${142.78}_{- 2.22}^{+ 2.29}$ $Mathematical equation: $142.78^{+2.29}_{-2.22}$$	0.85±0.1	6.72e-21	[43]
GP Com b	26.2±16.6	0.032338	...	72.83±0.24	0.528±0.027	2.74e-20	[2,44,45]
GW Lib b	52.4±7.3	0.053300	...	${113.05}_{- 0.78}^{+ 0.79}$ $Mathematical equation: $113.05^{+0.79}_{-0.78}$$	0.84±0.02	1.19e-20	[2,46]
IX Draconis b	58.1±26.6	0.064800	...	${752.11}_{- 21.91}^{+ 23.27}$ $Mathematical equation: $752.11^{+23.27}_{-21.91}$$	0.7±0.1	5.67e-21	[2,38,47]
NSV 1440 b	30.6	0.025233	...	${324.23}_{- 8.35}^{+ 8.80}$ $Mathematical equation: $324.23^{+8.80}_{-8.35}$$	0.65	9.14e-20	[2,48]
OGLE BLG-DN-7 b	51.3±12.4	0.059558	...	${176.51}_{- 3.00}^{+ 3.11}$ $Mathematical equation: $176.51^{+3.11}_{-3.00}$$	0.388±0.045	4.54e-21	[2,37,38]
OT J1112-3538 b	36.4±1.2	0.058500	...	${499.25}_{- 104.65}^{+ 180.19}$ $Mathematical equation: $499.25^{+180.19}_{-104.65}$$	0.338±0.286	3.16e-21	[2,37,38]
PQ And b	58.7	0.055800	...	${267.47}_{- 14.53}^{+ 16.29}$ $Mathematical equation: $267.47^{+16.29}_{-14.53}$$	0.47±0.13	7.51e-21	[2,38,49]
PR Her b	43.0	0.054200	...	${571.46}_{- 119.12}^{+ 204.27}$ $Mathematical equation: $571.46^{+204.27}_{-119.12}$$	0.34	4.93e-21	[2,37,38]
QZ Lib b	33.5±12.6	0.064360	...	${187.36}_{- 10.97}^{+ 12.43}$ $Mathematical equation: $187.36^{+12.43}_{-10.97}$$	0.83±0.23	3.81e-21	[32,50]
SDSS J0926+3624 b	36.7±3.1	0.019650	...	${548.31}_{- 126.81}^{+ 235.95}$ $Mathematical equation: $548.31^{+235.95}_{-126.81}$$	0.85±0.04	3.28e-19	[32,51]
SDSS J1035+0551 b	54.5±2.1	0.057000	...	${195.24}_{- 10.34}^{+ 11.57}$ $Mathematical equation: $195.24^{+11.57}_{-10.34}$$	0.94±0.01	1.04e-20	[2,52,53]
SDSS J1057+2759 b	45.7±2.1	0.062800	...	${343.76}_{- 38.55}^{+ 49.69}$ $Mathematical equation: $343.76^{+49.69}_{-38.55}$$	0.8±0.015	5.51e-21	[2,54,55]
SDSS J1240-0159 b	32.5	0.025940	...	${658.02}_{- 154.27}^{+ 290.47}$ $Mathematical equation: $658.02^{+290.47}_{-154.27}$$	0.38	6.05e-20	[2,56]
SDSS J1339+4847 b	55.3	0.057290	...	${151.08}_{- 1.45}^{+ 1.48}$ $Mathematical equation: $151.08^{+1.48}_{-1.45}$$	0.42±0.02	5.95e-21	[2,37,38]
SDSS J1507+5230 b	58.7±1.1	0.046667	...	160±10	0.9±0.01	2.27e-20	[57]
SDSS J1433+1011 b	57.6±8.4	0.054241	...	${233.29}_{- 8.22}^{+ 8.85}$ $Mathematical equation: $233.29^{+8.85}_{-8.22}$$	0.8±0.07	1.18e-20	[2,58]
SDSS J1730+5545 b	6.0	0.024444	...	${1232.44}_{- 297.07}^{+ 573.59}$ $Mathematical equation: $1232.44^{+573.59}_{-297.07}$$	0.6	1.93e-20	[2,59]
SMSS J1606-1000 b	68.1±5.2	0.063915	...	${107.90}_{- 1.52}^{+ 1.56}$ $Mathematical equation: $107.90^{+1.56}_{-1.52}$$	0.72±0.05	7.10e-21	[2,38,60]
SRGeJ0411 b	41.9	0.067728	...	${320.10}_{- 25.27}^{+ 30.01}$ $Mathematical equation: $320.10^{+30.01}_{-25.27}$$	0.84±0.07	3.97e-21	[61,62]
SRGeJ0453 b	46.1±21.0	0.038250	...	${234.80}_{- 9.05}^{+ 9.80}$ $Mathematical equation: $234.80^{+9.80}_{-9.05}$$	0.85±0.04	3.57e-20	[32,62]
SSS J0522-3505 b	44.0±0.4	0.062193	...	${823.72}_{- 173.11}^{+ 298.61}$ $Mathematical equation: $823.72^{+298.61}_{-173.11}$$	0.76±0.023	5.32e-21	[31,62]
SW UMa b	60.8±11.5	0.056810	...	${161.29}_{- 1.55}^{+ 1.58}$ $Mathematical equation: $161.29^{+1.58}_{-1.55}$$	0.71±0.22	9.70e-21	[2,38,63]
V1108 Her b	47.2±9.7	0.056854	...	${147.98}_{- 2.16}^{+ 2.22}$ $Mathematical equation: $147.98^{+2.22}_{-2.16}$$	0.88±0.09	8.76e-21	[2,29,38]
V592 Her b	38.1±7.1	0.056097	...	710±70	0.6	5.74e-21	[38,64]
WD 1202-024 b	51.3±6.3	0.049465	...	${664.98}_{- 90.40}^{+ 124.16}$ $Mathematical equation: $664.98^{+124.16}_{-90.40}$$	0.39±0.02	9.01e-21	[2,65]
WD J1820 b	41.9±31.4	0.065790	...	${212.62}_{- 19.58}^{+ 24.00}$ $Mathematical equation: $212.62^{+24.00}_{-19.58}$$	0.75±0.18	4.09e-21	[2,66]
WZ Sge b	60.1±9.3	0.056688	...	45.24±0.06	0.85±0.04	1.10e-20	[2,30,38]
ZTF J0003+14 b	17.8±11.5	0.038540	...	${247.97}_{- 29.63}^{+ 38.93}$ $Mathematical equation: $247.97^{+38.93}_{-29.63}$$	0.79±0.11	1.29e-20	[2,67]
ZTF J0220+21 b	14.7±6.3	0.037150	...	${340.04}_{- 50.25}^{+ 71.33}$ $Mathematical equation: $340.04^{+71.33}_{-50.25}$$	0.83±0.07	1.26e-20	[2,67]
ZTF J0407-00 b	19.9±3.1	0.024583	...	${747.22}_{- 162.32}^{+ 287.02}$ $Mathematical equation: $747.22^{+287.02}_{-162.32}$$	0.79±0.06	7.49e-20	[2,67]
ZTF J1637+49 b	24.1±8.4	0.042710	...	${204.70}_{- 7.91}^{+ 8.57}$ $Mathematical equation: $204.70^{+8.57}_{-7.91}$$	0.9±0.05	1.30e-20	[2,67]
ZTF J2252-05 b	27.2±8.4	0.025970	...	${511.98}_{- 70.85}^{+ 97.96}$ $Mathematical equation: $511.98^{+97.96}_{-70.85}$$	0.76±0.05	8.14e-20	[2,67]
Gaia 19cwm b	76.5±15.7	0.059945	...	${237.39}_{- 12.59}^{+ 14.08}$ $Mathematical equation: $237.39^{+14.08}_{-12.59}$$	0.66±0.06	9.46e-21	[2,68]
Gaia14aae b	26.2±1.4	0.034510	...	${257.10}_{- 7.46}^{+ 7.92}$ $Mathematical equation: $257.10^{+7.92}_{-7.46}$$	0.87±0.02	3.03e-20	[2,67,69]

Notes. The secondary mass (m₂), orbital period (P_orb), eccentricity (e), distance (D_L), and primary mass (m₁) are referenced from the published literature listed in the last column. The ḟ_gw is computed in this work.

References. [1] Zhong & Wang (2011); [2] Gaia Collaboration (2023); [3] Zurek et al. (2009); [4] Avakyan et al. (2023); [5] Baumgardt & Vasiliev (2021); [6] Yu et al. (2021); [7] Shahbaz et al. (2008); [8] Wang & Chakrabarty (2004); [9] Bailer-Jones et al. (2018); [10] Gençali et al. (2022); [11] Levine et al. (1988); [12] Homer et al. (1996); [13] Mikhailov et al. (2017); [14] Jonker & Nelemans (2004); [15] Strohmayer et al. (2018); [16] Keek et al. (2017); [17] Prodan & Murray (2015); [18] Sanna et al. (2017); [19] Bult et al. (2015); [20] Heinke et al. (2001); [21] Stovall et al. (2014); [22] Fiore et al. (2023); [23] Kandel & Romani (2023); [24] In’t Zand et al. (2007); [25] Markwardt et al. (2002); [26] Papitto et al. (2008); [27] Falanga et al. (2005); [28] Burdge et al. (2022); [29] Pala et al. (2022); [30] Knigge (2006); [31] Wild et al. (2022); [32] Gaia Collaboration (2018); [33] Neustroev & Mäntynen (2023); [34] Kupfer et al. (2024); [35] Groot et al. (2001); [36] Roelofs et al. (2007); [37] Gentile Fusillo et al. (2021); [38] Muñoz-Giraldo et al. (2024); [39] Breedt et al. (2012); [40] Pala et al. (2020); [41] Zorotovic & Schreiber (2022); [42] Chen et al. (2024); [43] Amantayeva et al. (2021); [44] Kupfer et al. (2016); [45] Nather et al. (1981); [46] van Spaandonk et al. (2010); [47] Otulakowska-Hypka et al. (2013); [48] Isogai et al. (2019); [49] Schwarz et al. (2004); [50] Pala et al. (2018); [51] Copperwheat et al. (2011); [52] Littlefair et al. (2006); [53] Littlefair et al. (2008); [54] McAllister et al. (2017); [55] Southworth et al. (2015); [56] Roelofs et al. (2005); [57] Littlefair et al. (2007); [58] Hernández Santisteban et al. (2016); [59] Carter et al. (2014); [60] Kawka et al. (2021); [61] Galiullin et al. (2024); [62] Rodriguez et al. (2023); [63] Ikis Gün et al. (2013); [64] van Teeseling et al. (1999); [65] Parsons et al. (2017); [66] Cunningham et al. (2025); [67] van Roestel et al. (2022); [68] Kolbin et al. (2024); [69] Green et al. (2018).

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