Densities of small planets around the M dwarfs TOI-4336 A and TOI-4342 with ESPRESSO - Three sub-Neptunes, one super-Earth, and a Neptune-mass candidate

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Volume 708 (April 2026)

A&A, 708 (2026) A81

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Table B.2

Median values and 68% confidence intervals of the posterior distributions of the photometric and RV fit of TOI-4342.

Parameter	Prior	Value
TOI-4342 b Parameters
Orbital period, P_b (days)…….	𝒰(5.40, 5.70)	5.5382592 ± 0.0000034
Transit epoch, T_0,b (RJD)…….	𝒰(58653, 58657)	$58654 . 53479_{- 0.00093}^{+ 0.00084}$ $Mathematical equation: $58654.53479_{-0.00093}^{+0.00084}$$
Scaled planetary radius, R_p,b/R_*	𝒰(0, 0.5)	$0 . 03571_{- 0.00075}^{+ 0.00073}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.03571_{-0.00075}^{+0.00073}$$
Impact parameter, b_b……….	𝒰(0, 1)	$0 . 382_{- 0.063}^{+ 0.062}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.382_{-0.063}^{+0.062}$$
RV semi amplitude, K_b (m/s)…	𝒰(0, 10)	$3 . 78_{- 0.67}^{+ 0.65}$ $Mathematical equation: $3.78_{-0.67}^{+0.65}$$
Eccentricity, e_b…………….	Fixed	0.0
Argument of periastron, ω_b (deg)	Fixed	90.0
TOI-4342 c Parameters
Orbital period, P_c (days)…….	𝒩(10.60, 10.80)	10.688662 ± 0.000015
Transit epoch, T_0,c (RJD)…….	𝒩(58656, 58665)	58659.3486 ± 0.0017
Scaled planetary radius, R_p,c/R_*	𝒰(0, 0.5)	$0 . 03602_{- 0.00093}^{+ 0.00092}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.03602_{-0.00093}^{+0.00092}$$
Impact parameter, b_c……….	𝒰(0, 1)	$0 . 320_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.12}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.320_{-0.13}^{+0.12}$$
RV semi amplitude, K_c (m/s)…	𝒰(0, 10)	$1 . 97_{- 0.56}^{+ 0.57}$ $Mathematical equation: $1.97_{-0.56}^{+0.57}$$
Eccentricity, e_c…………….	Fixed	0.0
Argument of periastron, ω_c (deg)	Fixed	90.0
Candidate d Parameters
Orbital period, P_d (days)…….	𝒰(2, 100)	47.5 ± 1.3
Transit epoch, T_0,d (RJD)…….	𝒰(58750, 58850)	58795 ± 27
RV semi amplitude, K_d (m/s)…	𝒰(0, 20)	$4 . 49_{- 0.75}^{+ 0.73}$ $Mathematical equation: $4.49_{-0.75}^{+0.73}$$
Eccentricity, e_d…………….	Fixed	0.0
Argument of periastron, ω_d (deg)	Fixed	90.0
Stellar parameters
Stellar density, ρ_* (ρ_⊙)………	𝒩(2.75, 0.26)	$2 . 86_{- 0.23}^{+ 0.20}$ $Mathematical equation: $2.86_{-0.23}^{+0.20}$$
c_1,TESS …………………..	N(0.30, 0.10)	0.280 ± 0.081
c_2,TESS …………………..	𝒩(0.34, 0.10)	0.344 ± 0.092
c_1,LCO ……………………	𝒩(0.33, 0.10)	0.317 ± 0.087
c_{2, LCO} ……………………	𝒩(0.31, 0.10)	0.297 ± 0.095
Gaussian Process Parameters
A₁ (m/s)	𝒰(0, 100)	$8 . 6_{- 1.7}^{+ 2.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $8.6_{-1.7}^{+2.4}$$
A₂ (m/s) ………………….	𝒰(0, 100)	$5 . 4_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $5.4_{-1.0}^{+1.4}$$
A₃ ………………………	𝒰(0, 10)	$0 . 49_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.17}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.49_{-0.11}^{+0.17}$$
B₃ (K) …………………..	𝒰(0, 10)	$6 . 4_{- 1.9}^{+ 2.2}$ $Mathematical equation: $6.4_{-1.9}^{+2.2}$$
O_amp,1 ……………………	log 𝒰(0.01, 10)	$0 . 21_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.21_{-0.17}^{+0.14}$$
O_amp,2 ……………………	log 𝒰(0.01, 10)	$0 . 048_{- 0.032}^{+ 0.096}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.048_{-0.032}^{+0.096}$$
O_amp,3 ……………………	log 𝒰(0.01, 10)	3.96 ± 0.70
P_dec (days) ……………….	𝒰(20, 200)	$79_{- 13}^{+ 14}$ $Mathematical equation: $79_{-13}^{+14}$$
P_rot (days) ………………..	𝒰(10, 100)	$14 . 691_{- 0.070}^{+ 0.080}$ $Mathematical equation: $14.691_{-0.070}^{+0.080}$$
Instrument Offsets and Jitters
σ_RV (m/s) ………………..	𝒰(0.001, 176)^*	$2 . 22_{- 0.41}^{+ 0.47}$ $Mathematical equation: $2.22_{-0.41}^{+0.47}$$
μ_RV (m/s) ………………..	𝒰(−13950, 6091)^*	−3922.3 ± 3.2
σ_BIS (m/s) ……………….	𝒰(0.02, 850)^*	$1 . 38_{- 0.9}^{+ 1.0}$ $Mathematical equation: $1.38_{-0.9}^{+1.0}$$
μ_BIS (m/s) ………………..	𝒰(−10000, 10000)^*	$39 . 7_{- 1.8}^{+ 1.7}$ $Mathematical equation: $39.7_{-1.8}^{+1.7}$$
σ_{TES S} …………………..	𝒰(0.00, 0.04)^*	$0 . 000378_{- 0.000027}^{+ 0.000029}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.000378_{-0.000027}^{+0.000029}$$
σ_{ΔT_{4000 K}} (K) ……………..	𝒰(0.001, 30)^*	$0 . 474_{- 0.070}^{+ 0.077}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.474_{-0.070}^{+0.077}$$
μ_{ΔT_{4000 K}} (K) ……………..	𝒰(−10000, 10000)^*	$1 . 3_{- 4.4}^{+ 4.6}$ $Mathematical equation: $1.3_{-4.4}^{+4.6}$$

Notes. 𝒩(μ, σ²) indicates a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ², 𝒰(a, b) a uniform distribution between a and b, log 𝒰(a, b) a log-uniform distribution between a and b. ^* Automatically determined by PyOrbit.

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