A method to derive self-consistent NLTE astrophysical parameters for four million high-resolution 4MOST stellar spectra in half a day with invertible neural networks

Open Access

Fig. 4

Summary of cINN performance on synthetic spectra as a function of S/N. In each panel, the mean residual ${\bar{Δ}}_{cINN-GT}$ $Mathematical equation: $\bar{\Delta}_{\text {cINN-GT }}$$ is plotted in black on the left y-axis scale, while the standard deviation σ_cINN–GT is indicated in grey and plotted on the right y-axis scale. The black dotted line indicates, where ${\bar{Δ}}_{cINN - GT} = 0$ $Mathematical equation: $\bar{\Delta}_{\mathrm{cINN}-\mathrm{GT}}=0$$ for reference. For more details, see Table A.1 and Fig. A.1.

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