A method to derive self-consistent NLTE astrophysical parameters for four million high-resolution 4MOST stellar spectra in half a day with invertible neural networks

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Volume 708 (April 2026)

A&A, 708 (2026) A118

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Table A.2

Overview of the cINN predictive performance in terms of the NRMSE of the target parameters with respect to the ground truth on synthetic test data for different S/N.

S/N (Å⁻¹)	T_eff (K)	$log (\frac{g}{{cms}^{- 2}})$ $Mathematical equation: $\log \left(\frac{g}{\mathrm{cms}^{-2}}\right)$$	[Fe/H]	v_broad (kms⁻¹)	v_mic (kms⁻¹)	Ca	[x/Fe] Mg	Li
1000	0.008	0.028	0.02	0.012	0.18	0.071	0.066	0.054
250	0.008	0.031	0.02	0.013	0.182	0.076	0.071	0.056
180	0.009	0.033	0.021	0.013	0.184	0.079	0.075	0.057
130	0.009	0.035	0.022	0.015	0.188	0.084	0.081	0.059
100	0.011	0.039	0.023	0.016	0.191	0.09	0.087	0.06
80	0.012	0.043	0.025	0.018	0.195	0.094	0.095	0.063
50	0.015	0.054	0.029	0.026	0.207	0.111	0.11	0.069
45	0.016	0.058	0.031	0.029	0.212	0.115	0.115	0.071
40	0.018	0.059	0.031	0.031	0.217	0.12	0.119	0.073
35	0.019	0.064	0.035	0.037	0.223	0.126	0.123	0.075
30	0.022	0.07	0.036	0.039	0.231	0.132	0.129	0.078
26	0.024	0.073	0.04	0.044	0.239	0.138	0.134	0.082
23	0.027	0.079	0.044	0.05	0.244	0.144	0.138	0.083
20	0.031	0.086	0.05	0.059	0.252	0.148	0.141	0.086
18	0.033	0.091	0.053	0.064	0.258	0.151	0.146	0.089
16	0.036	0.096	0.058	0.073	0.264	0.155	0.146	0.091
14	0.041	0.102	0.064	0.076	0.27	0.162	0.151	0.094
12	0.047	0.112	0.071	0.083	0.278	0.165	0.156	0.099
10	0.056	0.12	0.083	0.096	0.287	0.17	0.161	0.105

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