Fig. 4

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Smoothed histograms of the LAE on the test set across surrogates and datasets, constructed in log-space and shown alongside the corresponding mean and median values. Latent-evolution surrogates exhibit systematically higher LAE values, with distribution peaks, means, and medians typically closely aligned. In contrast, for fully connected models the mLAE is frequently shifted toward higher values than the distribution peak, indicating a stronger influence of comparatively rare high-error predictions despite lower typical errors.
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