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Table C.1.

Statistical comparison between local and high-z N/O populations.

Property Local Universe High-z Notes
Sample sizes
Total sample 88,201 664 Combined: 88,865
12 + log(O/H) < 8.1 234 121
12 + log(O/H)≥8.1 87967 543

Raw log(N/O) distribution (no model correction)
Median (all) −0.923 −1.067 Δ = +0.144 dex
Std. deviation 0.195 0.226 High-z more scattered

Metallicity-binned comparison
12 + log(O/H) < 8.1
Median residual +0.03 +0.35 Δ = 0.32 dex
Bootstrap 95% CI [0.27, 0.39] Excludes zero
MW / AD tests p < 10−3 Highly significant
12 + log(O/H)≥8.1
Median residual +0.001 +0.134 Δ = 0.13 dex
Bootstrap 95% CI [0.111, 0.147] Excludes zero
MW / AD tests p < 10−3 Highly significant

Notes. Tests are computed both on the whole sample and in two metallicity bins 12+log(O/H) < 8.1, and 12+log(O/H) ≥8.1

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