Planet-star interactions with precise transit timing - V. Tidal decay of hot Jupiters through wave breaking

Open Access

Table 1

Selected systems for observational follow-ups to detect transit timing shifts driven by wave breaking.

Planet	EEP	f_crit	$T_{s h i f t}^{5 m i n}$ $Mathematical equation: $T_\mathrm{shift}^\mathrm{5\,min}$$ [date]	$T_{s h i f t}^{2025}$ $Mathematical equation: $T_\mathrm{shift}^\mathrm{2025}$$ [s]
HAT-P-23 b	${328.7}_{- 20.3}^{+ 15.0}$ $Mathematical equation: $328.7_{-20.3}^{+15.0}$$	0%	${2031.8}_{- 1.9}^{+ 2.9}$ $Mathematical equation: $2031.8_{-1.9}^{+2.9}$$ ^a	$142_{- 31}^{+ 28}$ $Mathematical equation: $142_{-31}^{+28}$$ ^a
HATS-18 b	$350_{- 17}^{+ 25}$ $Mathematical equation: $350_{-17}^{+25}$$	20.6 %	2021.4 ± 0.3	$846_{- 78}^{+ 81}$ $Mathematical equation: $846_{-78}^{+81}$$
HIP 65 A b	$340_{- 24}^{+ 10}$ $Mathematical equation: $340_{-24}^{+10}$$	0 %	2033.2 ± 0.4^a	42.9 ± 2.5^a
NGTS-10 b	$319_{- 40}^{+ 22}$ $Mathematical equation: $319_{-40}^{+22}$$	0 %	2027.0 ± 0.3^a	$153_{- 13}^{+ 11}$ $Mathematical equation: $153_{-13}^{+11}$$ ^a
TOI-1937 b	$353_{- 16}^{+ 21}$ $Mathematical equation: $353_{-16}^{+21}$$	23.1 %	${2030.7}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.9}$ $Mathematical equation: $2030.7_{-0.6}^{+0.9}$$	36 ± 6
WASP-4 b	${360.2}_{- 6.9}^{+ 6.8}$ $Mathematical equation: $360.2_{-6.9}^{+6.8}$$	28.1 %	${2030.94}_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.21}$ $Mathematical equation: $2030.94_{-0.24}^{+0.21}$$	$170_{- 3}^{+ 4}$ $Mathematical equation: $170_{-3}^{+4}$$
WASP-19 A b	${350.6}_{- 5.3}^{+ 9.0}$ $Mathematical equation: $350.6_{-5.3}^{+9.0}$$	0 %	${2014.85}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $2014.85_{-0.14}^{+0.13}$$ ^a	$2242_{- 93}^{+ 106}$ $Mathematical equation: $2242_{-93}^{+106}$$ ^a
WASP-43 b	${342.5}_{- 22.1}^{+ 7.8}$ $Mathematical equation: $342.5_{-22.1}^{+7.8}$$	0 %	${2020.8}_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $2020.8_{-0.3}^{+0.4}$$ ^a	$613_{- 42}^{+ 36}$ $Mathematical equation: $613_{-42}^{+36}$$ ^a
WASP-103 b	${367.2}_{- 10.6}^{+ 8.7}$ $Mathematical equation: $367.2_{-10.6}^{+8.7}$$	0.47 %	${2031.9}_{- 2.8}^{+ 3.8}$ $Mathematical equation: $2031.9_{-2.8}^{+3.8}$$	$113_{- 36}^{+ 45}$ $Mathematical equation: $113_{-36}^{+45}$$
HATS-9 b	${456.3}_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.0}$ $Mathematical equation: $456.3_{-1.1}^{+1.0}$$	100 %	${2041.1}_{- 7.7}^{+ 5.3}$ $Mathematical equation: $2041.1_{-7.7}^{+5.3}$$	$44_{- 14}^{+ 45}$ $Mathematical equation: $44_{-14}^{+45}$$
TOI-1855 b	$391_{- 16}^{+ 11}$ $Mathematical equation: $391_{-16}^{+11}$$	59.9 %	${2053.8}_{- 2.0}^{+ 1.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $2053.8_{-2.0}^{+1.4}$$	${0.33}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.33_{-0.03}^{+0.05}$$
TOI-2337 b	${481.8}_{- 1.6}^{+ 2.0}$ $Mathematical equation: $481.8_{-1.6}^{+2.0}$$	95.6 %	${2054.1}_{- 17.4}^{+ 9.7}$ $Mathematical equation: $2054.1_{-17.4}^{+9.7}$$	${2.62}_{- 1.07}^{+ 9.83}$ $Mathematical equation: $2.62_{-1.07}^{+9.83}$$
WASP-135 b	${385.0}_{- 8.8}^{+ 4.2}$ $Mathematical equation: $385.0_{-8.8}^{+4.2}$$	87.3 %	${2048.0}_{- 1.0}^{+ 0.8}$ $Mathematical equation: $2048.0_{-1.0}^{+0.8}$$	${27.5}_{- 1.3}^{1.7}$ $Mathematical equation: $27.5_{-1.3}^{1.7}$$
WASP-163 A b	${427.0}_{- 10.8}^{+ 5.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $427.0_{-10.8}^{+5.4}$$	100 %	${2050.2}_{- 12.5}^{+ 8.2}$ $Mathematical equation: $2050.2_{-12.5}^{+8.2}$$	${14.2}_{- 5.1}^{+ 23.5}$ $Mathematical equation: $14.2_{-5.1}^{+23.5}$$

Notes. ^(a)Calculated using the formal Q′_WB estimate obtained without satisfying the M_crit < M_p criterion, which results in f_crit = 0%. If wave breaking is indeed inactive, no measurable 5-minute transit-time shift is expected on practical observational timescales.

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