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Fig. 12

Fig. 12 Refer to the following caption and surrounding text.

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Vertex deviation (left) and anisotropy (right) of 1800 stars sampled from the region || < 0.9° and |b| < 0.25° as a function of the nuclear bar angle, α. Red curves show S-NSB results; green curves show W-NSB. While lv remains roughly identical between strong and weak nuclear bars, β decreases by approximately a factor of two for the weaker bar, approaching NSD-like values. This demonstrates that lv is a robust orientation diagnostic but a blunt probe of bar amplitude, while β may serve as a complementary bar amplitude indicator.

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