Statistical prediction of stellar contribution from NGC 188 to the Galactic field. The solid blue line represents the estimated cumulative number of ejected stars over the cluster’s 7 Gyr lifespan, based on a mean ejection rate of ~1.33 stars Myr⁻¹ derived from the two observed runaway BSSs and their ~1.5 Myr ejection age. The shaded light blue region denotes the 95% confidence interval calculated using Poisson statistics for small-sample regimes (Gehrels 1986). For comparison, the horizontal dashed gray line indicates the current census of 1652 confirmed cluster members. While the upper bound is statistically high due to the small N_ej, the median estimate of ~9333 robustly illustrates the magnitude of mass loss. This underscores the significant role of ancient OCs in populating the Galactic field with high-velocity, dynamically processed stellar objects.