Euclid

I. Overview of the Euclid mission^★

¹ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
² Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
³ Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
⁴ Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁵ Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁶ Departamento de Física, Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
⁷ Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
⁸ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
⁹ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
¹⁰ Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
¹¹ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹² Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
¹³ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
¹⁴ Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
¹⁵ CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
¹⁶ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
¹⁷ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹⁸ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
¹⁹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
²⁰ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
²¹ Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
²² Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
²³ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
²⁴ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
²⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
²⁶ ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
²⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía, 18080 Granada, Spain
²⁸ Instituto de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicent del Raspeig, 03080 Alicante, Spain
²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
³⁰ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
³¹ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
³² Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
³³ Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
³⁴ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
³⁵ INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
³⁶ Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Guipuzkoa, Spain
³⁷ IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
³⁸ Thales Alenia Space – Euclid satellite Prime contractor, Strada Antica di Collegno 253, 10146 Torino, Italy
³⁹ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁴⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁴¹ Laboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
⁴² Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁴³ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁴⁴ INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁴⁵ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁴⁶ Université Paris Diderot, AIM, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁴⁷ School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
⁴⁸ Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos (IPARCOS-UCM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁴⁹ Departamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
⁵⁰ Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
⁵¹ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
⁵² Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁵³ Institut für Planetologie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
⁵⁴ Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
⁵⁵ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
⁵⁶ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
⁵⁷ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁵⁸ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁹ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
⁶⁰ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
⁶¹ SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
⁶² Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁶³ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
⁶⁴ Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Gent, Belgium
⁶⁵ The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
⁶⁶ UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁶⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁶⁸ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁶⁹ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
⁷⁰ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
⁷¹ Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado 321, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
⁷² Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷³ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁷⁴ Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
⁷⁵ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁷⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
⁷⁷ Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
⁷⁸ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁷⁹ ECEO, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
⁸⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna 38200, Spain; Departamento de Astrofísica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
⁸¹ CEA-Saclay, DRF/IRFU, departement d’ingenierie des systemes, bat472, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
⁸² Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
⁸³ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
⁸⁴ Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia
⁸⁵ ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia
⁸⁶ Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
⁸⁷ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, UK
⁸⁸ School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37 Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
⁸⁹ Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16, France
⁹⁰ ATG Europe BV, Huygensstraat 34, 2201 DK Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁹¹ Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France
⁹² Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁹³ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁹⁴ INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
⁹⁵ Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁹⁶ IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
⁹⁷ Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
⁹⁸ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁹⁹ Airbus Defence & Space SAS, Toulouse, France
¹⁰⁰ OCA, P.H.C. Boulevard de l’Observatoire CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
¹⁰¹ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹⁰² Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
¹⁰³ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
¹⁰⁴ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
¹⁰⁵ Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
¹⁰⁶ Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstr. 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹⁰⁷ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
¹⁰⁸ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
¹⁰⁹ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
¹¹⁰ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
¹¹¹ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
¹¹² Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
¹¹³ Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
¹¹⁴ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
¹¹⁵ Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
¹¹⁶ Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Via Mezzocannone 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
¹¹⁷ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
¹¹⁸ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP, 74000 Annecy, France
¹¹⁹ Thales Services S.A.S., 290 Allée du Lac, 31670 Labège, France
¹²⁰ Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, CNRS and Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 33165 Pessac, France
¹²¹ Institut universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
¹²² Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
¹²³ Universita di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
¹²⁴ INFN – Gruppo Collegato di Salerno – Sezione di Napoli, Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Universita di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
¹²⁵ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
¹²⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
¹²⁷ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
¹²⁸ Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
¹²⁹ Norwegian Space Agency, Drammensveien 165, 0277 Oslo, Norway
¹³⁰ School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
¹³¹ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
¹³² Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
¹³³ Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
¹³⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
¹³⁵ Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
¹³⁶ Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
¹³⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
¹³⁸ Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
¹³⁹ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
¹⁴⁰ Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
¹⁴¹ Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA), Loc. Lignan 39, 11020 Nus (Aosta Valley), Italy
¹⁴² INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
¹⁴³ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
¹⁴⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
¹⁴⁵ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy
¹⁴⁶ Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
¹⁴⁷ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
¹⁴⁸ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹⁴⁹ David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4, Canada
¹⁵⁰ Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
¹⁵¹ Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
¹⁵² Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
¹⁵³ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
¹⁵⁴ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
¹⁵⁵ Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
¹⁵⁶ ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
¹⁵⁷ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
¹⁵⁸ Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
¹⁵⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶⁰ Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
¹⁶¹ SCITAS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
¹⁶² Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
¹⁶³ Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Physique Théorique CP225, Boulevard du Triophe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
¹⁶⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶⁵ Department of Theoretical Physics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
¹⁶⁶ Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France
¹⁶⁷ Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France
¹⁶⁸ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
¹⁶⁹ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
¹⁷⁰ European Space Agency/ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
¹⁷¹ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
¹⁷² INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
¹⁷³ Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
¹⁷⁴ Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
¹⁷⁵ Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal
¹⁷⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
¹⁷⁷ CIGUS CITIC, Centre for Information and Communications Technologies Research, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
¹⁷⁸ Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département d’Électronique des Détecteurs et d’Informatique pour la Physique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹⁷⁹ Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
¹⁸⁰ INFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
¹⁸¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁸² Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
¹⁸³ INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Roma, Italy
¹⁸⁴ Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹⁸⁵ INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, CP-193, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹⁸⁶ INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹⁸⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹⁸⁸ Dept. of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
¹⁸⁹ Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
¹⁹⁰ Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
¹⁹¹ Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹⁹² Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
¹⁹³ Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
¹⁹⁴ INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
¹⁹⁵ Observatorio Nacional, Rua General Jose Cristino, 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao, Rio de Janeiro 20921-400, Brazil
¹⁹⁶ Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), Plaza San Juan, 1, planta 2, 44001 Teruel, Spain
¹⁹⁷ California institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹⁹⁸ Centre for Information Technology, University of Groningen, PO Box 11044, 9700 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
¹⁹⁹ School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
²⁰⁰ Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
²⁰¹ XCAM Limited, 2 Stone Circle Road, Northampton NN3 8RF, UK
²⁰² School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
²⁰³ Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
²⁰⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
²⁰⁵ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
²⁰⁶ Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
²⁰⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
²⁰⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
²⁰⁹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
²¹⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
²¹¹ Code 665, NASA/GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²¹² CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique, Bât. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
²¹³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
²¹⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
²¹⁵ Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm 1859 University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
²¹⁶ FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
²¹⁷ Departamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
²¹⁸ Instituto de Astronomia Teorica y Experimental (IATE-CONICET), Laprida 854, X5000BGR Córdoba, Argentina
²¹⁹ ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany
²²⁰ Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo 00 076, Finland
²²¹ Asteroid Engineering Laboratory, Luleå University of Technology, Box 848, 98128 Kiruna, Sweden
²²² Universite Paris Cité, Universite Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
²²³ NRC Herzberg, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria BC V9E 2E7, Canada
²²⁴ Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
²²⁵ Centre for Electronic Imaging, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
²²⁶ Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
²²⁷ UK Space Agency, Swindon SN2 1SZ, UK
²²⁸ Technische Universitat Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
²²⁹ Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
²³⁰ European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
²³¹ University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
²³² Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
²³³ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
²³⁴ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
²³⁵ Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Galaxy Evolution, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
²³⁶ DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
²³⁷ Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
²³⁸ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
²³⁹ Université PSL, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France
²⁴⁰ Université Paris-Cité, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
²⁴¹ DTx – Digital Transformation CoLAB, Building 1, Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
²⁴² Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, 169-8555 Tokyo, Japan
²⁴³ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
²⁴⁴ Ernst-Reuter-Str. 4e, 31224 Peine, Germany
²⁴⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
²⁴⁶ Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
²⁴⁷ Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, UK
²⁴⁸ Astrophysics Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa
²⁴⁹ School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa
²⁵⁰ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²⁵¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
²⁵² Serco for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
²⁵³ Department of Physics, Duke University, Box 90305, Durham, NC 27708, USA
²⁵⁴ ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, Australia
²⁵⁵ Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
²⁵⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
²⁵⁷ SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706, USA
²⁵⁸ Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
²⁵⁹ Center For Advanced Mathematical Sciences, American University of Beirut PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 11097 2020, Lebanon
²⁶⁰ Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental (CIAFF), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
²⁶¹ International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
²⁶² Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Penteli, Greece
²⁶³ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
²⁶⁴ MTA-CSFK Lendület Large-Scale Structure Research Group, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
²⁶⁵ Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary
²⁶⁶ University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
²⁶⁷ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
²⁶⁸ SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
²⁶⁹ APCO Technologies, Chemin de Champex 10, 1860 Aigle, Switzerland
²⁷⁰ Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
²⁷¹ Surrey Satellite Technology Limited, Tycho House, 20 Stephenson Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, GU2 7YE, UK
²⁷² Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
²⁷³ ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
²⁷⁴ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
²⁷⁵ University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
²⁷⁶ NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
²⁷⁷ Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
²⁷⁸ Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
²⁷⁹ INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²⁸⁰ Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
²⁸¹ Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy (ISSA), University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
²⁸² STAR Institute, Quartier Agora – Allée du six Août 19c, 4000 Liège, Belgium
²⁸³ McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
²⁸⁴ Serra Húnter Fellow, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
²⁸⁵ HE Space for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
²⁸⁶ Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Viale F. Crispi 7, L’Aquila (AQ) 67100, Italy
²⁸⁷ Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
²⁸⁸ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
²⁸⁹ Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département de Physique des Particules, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
²⁹⁰ Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
²⁹¹ Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
²⁹² Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
²⁹³ Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
²⁹⁴ Dribia Data Research S.L., Pg. de Grácia, 55, 3r 4a, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
²⁹⁵ Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Theorique, CNRS & Universite Savoie Mont Blanc, 9 Chemin de Bellevue, BP 110, Annecy-le-Vieux, 74941 Annecy Cedex, France
²⁹⁶ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁹⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
²⁹⁸ Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
²⁹⁹ Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
³⁰⁰ Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
³⁰¹ Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
³⁰² Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Pancini”, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy
³⁰³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
³⁰⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
³⁰⁵ Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
³⁰⁶ Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, University of L’Aquila, Italy
³⁰⁷ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
³⁰⁸ The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, 41 Cooper Square, New York, NY 10003, USA
³⁰⁹ Teledyne E2V, 106, Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford CM1 2QU, UK
³¹⁰ Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
³¹¹ Space physics and astronomy research unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014 Oulu, Finland
³¹² Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
³¹³ Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, UMR5574, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
³¹⁴ CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, Geneva, Switzerland
³¹⁵ Université de Franche-Comté, Institut UTINAM, CNRS UMR6213, OSU THETA Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP 1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France
³¹⁶ NOVA, Netherlands Research School For Astronomy, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
³¹⁷ Theoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
³¹⁸ Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
³¹⁹ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
³²⁰ Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT) et Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Laboratoire MCD, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France
³²¹ Hamburger Sternwarte, University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
³²² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
³²³ Junia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France
³²⁴ Mathematical Institute, University of Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
³²⁵ Satlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, Spain
³²⁶ School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, High-field Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
³²⁷ ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
³²⁸ Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
³²⁹ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
³³⁰ Clara Venture Labs AS, Fantoftvegen 38, 5072 Bergen, Norway
³³¹ Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, 59000 Lille, France
³³² Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London TW20 0EX, UK
³³³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
³³⁴ Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
³³⁵ Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), 11F of ASMAB, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
³³⁶ Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, IGN, Calle Alfonso XII 3, 28014 Madrid, Spain
³³⁷ Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
³³⁸ Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
³³⁹ Laboratoire univers et particules de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
³⁴⁰ Centre Spatial de Liege, Universite de Liege, Avenue du Pre Aily, 4031 Angleur, Belgium
³⁴¹ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
³⁴² Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
³⁴³ Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
³⁴⁴ University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
³⁴⁵ Telespazio Germany GmbH, Europapl. 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
³⁴⁶ Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
³⁴⁷ RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, UKRI, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
³⁴⁸ Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

^★★ Corresponding author; mellier@iap.fr, hoekstra@strw.leidenuniv.nl

Received: 21 May 2024
Accepted: 28 August 2024

Abstract

The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14 000 deg² of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance.