Letter to the Editor

Towards systematic searches for LISA white dwarf binaries with multiband photometry

¹ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Laboratoire Artemis, CNRS, Bd de l’Observatoire, 06300 Nice, France
² Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange, CNRS, Bd de l’Observatoire, 06300 Nice, France

^⋆ Corresponding author.

Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025

Abstract

Context. Ultra-compact double white dwarfs (DWDs) represent key targets for multi-messenger astrophysics, as they may be observed both through gravitational waves and the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect thousands of these systems, and they are predicted to be the most numerous science targets of the mission.

Aims. We develop a strategy to identify LISA source candidates in multiband photometric surveys.

Methods. We constructed a synthetic EM catalogue of white dwarf (WD) detections based on a population synthesis code combined with a semi-analytical model of the Milky Way and a consistent cooling model for the evolution. We compared sources in the LISA band with other WD observations in magnitude-colour and colour-colour plots.

Results. From a full sky survey with u ≤ 24.5, we find that 57% of the sources in the LISA band occupy a specific region in colour-colour diagrams. Inside this area, we find that ∼63% (6.5 × 10⁴) of EM observations are LISA candidates, ∼31% (3.2 × 10⁴) are DWDs slightly outside the LISA frequency range, and only a small contamination comes from single WDs and wider binaries.

Conclusions. We find that the colour distributions of close DWDs represent a powerful tool to distinguish potential LISA sources from the broader WD population. This is an avenue to select candidates for further follow-up and identification.