COSMOS2025: The COSMOS-Web galaxy catalog of photometry, morphology, redshifts, and physical parameters from JWST, HST, and ground-based imaging

¹ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
² Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
³ University of Geneva, 24 rue du Général-Dufour, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁴ The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway Blvd Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
⁵ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
⁷ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
⁸ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁹ Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
¹⁰ Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
¹¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna 38205, Spain
¹² Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, PSL University, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
¹³ Université Paris-Cité, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75014 Paris, France
¹⁴ Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sanchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁵ Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
¹⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
¹⁷ DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
¹⁸ Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
¹⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
²⁰ Caltech/IPAC, MS 314-6, 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
²¹ Department of Physics, University of Hawaii, Hilo, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
²² Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, 00076 Espoo, Finland
²³ Department of Physics, University of, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
²⁴ University of Bologna - Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
²⁶ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, LudwigMaximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
²⁷ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁸ NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
²⁹ Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10 Yuanhua Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
³⁰ European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
³¹ Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
³² Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, PAB 430 Portola Plaza, Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA
³³ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
³⁴ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
³⁵ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91001, USA
³⁶ Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
³⁷ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
³⁸ Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
³⁹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
⁴⁰ Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁴¹ Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannsstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁴² Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
⁴³ Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

^★ Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025

Abstract

We present COSMOS2025, the COSMOS-Web catalog of photometry, morphology, photometric redshifts, and physical parameters for more than 700 000 galaxies in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. This catalog is based on our James Webb Space Telescope 255 h COSMOS-Web program, which provides deep near-infrared imaging in four NIRCam (F115W, F150W, F277W, F444W) and one MIRI (F770W) filter over the central ~0.54 deg² (~0.2 deg² for MIRI) in COSMOS. These data are combined with ground- and space-based data to derive photometric measurements of NIRCam-detected sources using both fixed-aperture photometry (on the space-based bands) and a profile-fitting technique on all 37 bands spanning 0.3 μm to 8 μm. We provide morphology for all sources from complementary techniques including profile fitting and machine-learning classification. We derive photometric redshifts, physical parameters, and non-parametric star formation histories from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. The catalog has been extensively validated against previous COSMOS catalogs and other surveys. Photometric redshift accuracy measured using spectroscopically confirmed galaxies out to z ~ 9 reaches σ_MAD = 0.012 at m_F444W < 28 and remains at σ_MAD ≲ 0.03 as a function of magnitude, color, and galaxy type. This represents a factor of ~2 improvement at 26 AB mag compared to COSMOS2020. The catalog is approximately 80% complete at log(M_⋆/M_⊙) ~ 9 at z ~ 10 and at log(M_⋆/M_⊙) ~ 7 at z ~ 0.2, representing a gain of 1 dex compared to COSMOS2020. COSMOS2025 represents the definitive COSMOS-Web catalog. It is provided with complete documentation, together with redshift probability distributions, and it is ready for scientific exploitation today.