Euclid: Early Release Observations – Weak gravitational lensing analysis of Abell 2390 ^★

¹ Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
² Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
³ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁴ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
⁵ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁶ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁷ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁸ Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
⁹ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
¹⁰ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
¹¹ Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
¹² Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
¹³ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
¹⁴ Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
¹⁵ Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
¹⁶ Core Research for Energetic Universe, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
¹⁷ Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
¹⁸ ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
¹⁹ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
²⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
²¹ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²² Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
²³ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
²⁴ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
²⁵ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
²⁶ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
²⁷ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
²⁸ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
²⁹ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
³⁰ SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, TS, Italy
³¹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
³² INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
³³ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
³⁴ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
³⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
³⁶ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
³⁷ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
³⁸ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
³⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal
⁴⁰ Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal
⁴¹ European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁴² Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁴³ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁴⁴ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
⁴⁵ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201, AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁴⁶ Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
⁴⁷ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
⁴⁸ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁴⁹ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
⁵⁰ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁵¹ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁵² Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁵³ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
⁵⁴ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
⁵⁵ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
⁵⁶ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
⁵⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁵⁸ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁵⁹ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁶⁰ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
⁶¹ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
⁶² Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
⁶³ Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
⁶⁴ UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁶⁵ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁶⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
⁶⁷ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
⁶⁸ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁶⁹ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁷⁰ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100, Roma, Italy
⁷¹ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Roma, Italy
⁷² INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁷³ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern 0315, Oslo, Norway
⁷⁴ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
⁷⁵ Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
⁷⁶ Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
⁷⁷ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
⁷⁸ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
⁷⁹ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁸⁰ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
⁸¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
⁸² Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁸³ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁸⁴ Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁸⁵ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
⁸⁶ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
⁸⁷ Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
⁸⁸ SKA Observatory, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9FT, UK
⁸⁹ Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin, 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
⁹⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁹¹ INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁹² University of Applied Sciences sand Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Computer Science, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
⁹³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁴ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
⁹⁵ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France
⁹⁶ Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
⁹⁷ CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, USA
⁹⁸ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁹⁹ Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
¹⁰⁰ University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
¹⁰¹ Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
¹⁰² Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
¹⁰³ DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
¹⁰⁴ Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
¹⁰⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
¹⁰⁶ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
¹⁰⁷ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
¹⁰⁸ Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
¹⁰⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
¹¹⁰ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
¹¹¹ Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
¹¹² Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
¹¹³ Satlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940 Leioa-Bilbao, Spain
¹¹⁴ Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, UK
¹¹⁵ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹⁶ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
¹¹⁷ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹¹⁸ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹¹⁹ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
¹²⁰ Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
¹²¹ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Emilio Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, Italy
¹²² ICL, Junia, Université Catholique de Lille, LITL, 59000 Lille, France
¹²³ ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
¹²⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada

^★★ Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026

Abstract

The Euclid space telescope of the European Space Agency (ESA) is designed to provide sensitive and accurate measurements of weak gravitational lensing distortions over wide areas on the sky. Here, we present a weak gravitational lensing analysis of early Euclid observations obtained for the field around the massive galaxy cluster Abell 2390 as part of the Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) programme. We conducted shape measurements for galaxies down to I_E ≲ 26.5 using three independent algorithms (LensMC, KSB+, and SourceXtractor++). Incorporating multi-band photometry from Euclid and Subaru/Suprime-Cam, we estimated photometric redshifts to preferentially select background sources from tomographic redshift bins, for which we calibrated the redshift distributions using the self-organising map approach and data from the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS). We quantified the residual cluster member contamination and corrected for it in bins of photometric redshift and magnitude using their source density profiles, including corrections for source obscuration and magnification. We reconstructed the cluster mass distribution and jointly fit the tangential reduced shear profiles of the different tomographic bins with spherical Navarro-Frenk-White profile predictions to constrain the cluster mass, finding consistent results for the three shape catalogues and good agreement with earlier measurements. As an important validation test, we compared these joint constraints to mass measurements obtained individually for the different tomographic bins, finding a good level of consistency. More detailed constraints on the cluster properties are presented in a companion paper, which additionally incorporates strong lensing measurements. Our analysis provides a first demonstration of the outstanding capabilities of Euclid for tomographic weak lensing measurements.