Impact of embedded circumplanetary winds on the circumstellar disk

I. Reshaping the local accretion environment

¹ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
² Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Av. Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, Chile
³ Data Observatory Foundation, Eliodoro Yáñez 2990, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

^★ Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026

Abstract

Context. Among the uncertainties related to the growth of giant planets is the existence of winds at a protoplanetary scale. Such outflows have been proposed to explain kinematic and chemical structures in protoplanetary disks.

Aims. We investigate the immediate impact of circumplanetary outflows on the circumstellar disk environment, the planetary vicinity, and planetary growth.

Methods. We performed 3D hydrodynamic simulations using FARGO3D, implementing a parametric wind launched from the vicinity of an embedded planet.

Results. Although the imposed configurations for the outflows do not significantly alter the global structure of the disk, they do substantially redistribute material in the vicinity of the embedded planet. In particular, the wind redirects accretion flows from polar to equatorial latitudes, resulting in variable accretion patterns over time. Although the mass accretion rate variations depend on the efficiency of the outflows, their presence diminishes the accretion rate over time and the total mass reservoir within the Hill sphere and the planet’s direct vicinity, potentially slowing or limiting planetary growth.