The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Extragalactic Point Sources in the Southern Surveys at 150, 220, and 280 GHz observed between 2008 and 2010

¹ Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile
² Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
³ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁴ Sapienza – University of Rome - Physics department, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome, Italy
⁵ DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA, UK
⁶ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁷ Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
⁸ Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
⁹ Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
¹⁰ Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa
¹¹ David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George St., Toronto ON M5S 3H4, Canada
¹² Specola Vaticana (Vatican Observatory), V-00120 Vatican City State, Italy
¹³ Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, USA
¹⁴ The William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3701 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21220, USA
¹⁵ European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹⁶ Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
¹⁷ Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
¹⁸ Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
¹⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
²⁰ Cosmic Dawn Center, Denmark
²¹ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
²² Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
²³ NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

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Received: 25 October 2023
Accepted: 21 May 2024

Abstract

We present a multi-frequency, multi-epoch catalog of extragalactic sources. The catalog is based on 150, 220, and 280 GHz observations carried out in 2008, 2009, and 2010 using the Millimeter Bolometric Array Camera on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We also present and release 280 GHz maps from 2008 and 2010. The catalog contains 483 sources found in a sky area of ∼600 square degrees. It was obtained by cross-matching sources found in 11 sub-catalogs, one for each season and frequency band. We also include coadded data from ∼150 and ∼160 square degrees using two and three years of overlapping observations. We divide the sources into two populations, synchrotron and dusty emitters, based on their spectral behavior in the 150-280 GHz frequency range. We find 284 synchrotron sources and 183 dusty source candidates. Our cross-matching with catalogs from radio to X-ray results in 251 synchrotron sources (88%) and 92 dusty sources (51%) with counterparts and suggests that 91 dusty candidates are not in existing catalogs. We study the variability and number counts of each population. In the case of synchrotron sources, we find year-to-year variability, with a mean value around 35%. As expected, we find no evidence of dusty source variability. Our number counts generally agree with previous measurements and models, except for dusty sources at 280 GHz, where some models overestimate our results.