Herschel and IRAM-30 m observations of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) at 4.5 AU from the Sun

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Table 3

Dust parameters and production rates for comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) derived from PACS 70 and 160 μm data, and from optical data.

Q _CO	Material	a _max	v _d	α	Q_dust (kg s^-1)

(molecules s^-1)		(mm)	(m s^-1)^a		70 μm^b	160 μm^b	Afρ^c

4 × 10²⁷	carbon/silicates	9.2	1.3–167^d	–3	210–350^e	150–170^e	435
4 × 10²⁷	carbon/silicates	9.2	1.3–167^d	–3.5	100–140^e	80	125–176
4 × 10²⁷	carbon/silicates	9.2	1.3–167^d	–4	42	36–50^f	10–35

4 × 10²⁶	carbon/silicates	0.92	1.3–87^d	–3	20–35^e	14–16^e	45
4 × 10²⁶	carbon/silicates	0.92	1.3–87^d	–3.5	14–18^e	11–12^f	18–25
4 × 10²⁶	carbon/silicates	0.92	1.3–87^d	–4	12	10–14^f	4–10

Notes.

^(a)

Dust velocities in the size range a_min–a_max, with a_min = 0.1 μm.

^(b)

Dust production rate derived assuming a_min = 0.1 μm.

^(c)

Dust production rate derived assuming Afρ = 900 cm and A_p = 0.04. The values for a_min = 0.1 and 1 μm are given when they differ significantly.

^(d)

The velocity of 1-μm sized particles is 35 and 85 m s^-1 for Q_CO = 4 × 10²⁶ and 4 × 10²⁷ molecules s^-1, respectively.

^(e)

The lower values correspond to olivine and higher values to carbon grains respectively.

^(f)

The lower values correspond to carbon and higher values to olivine grains respectively.

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