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Table 3.
ESPRESSO’s instrument modes and characteristics.
| Observing configuration | 1-UT |
4-UT |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument mode | UHR11 | HR11 | HR21 | HR42 | MR42 | MR84 |
| Simultaneous reference | Available (no simultaneous sky background on fiber B) | |||||
| Sky subtraction | Available (no simultaneous reference on fiber B) | |||||
| Wavelength range [nm] | 378.2–788.7 | |||||
| Median resolving power R = λ/Δλ | > 190 000 (a) | 138 000 | 138 000 | 130 000 | 72 500 | 70 000 |
| Aperture on sky [″] | 0.5 dia. | 1.0 dia. | 1.0 dia. | 1.0 dia. | 4 × 1.0 dia. | 4 × 1.0 dia. |
| Spectral sampling [physical pixels] | 2.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 10 | 10 |
| Spatial sampling [slices × physical pixels] | 2 × 5 | 2 × 9 | 2 × 9 | 2 × 9 | 2 × 20 | 2 × 20 |
| Detector readout speed [kpix s−1] | 300 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Detector binning, spatial × spectral [pixels] | 1 × 1 | 1 × 1 | 2 × 1 | 4 × 2 | 4 × 2 | 8 × 4 |
| Effective spectral sampling [extracted pixels] | 2.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 2.25 | 5 | 2.5 |
| Detector readout noise (RON) red/blue (b) [e−] | 5/8 | 5/8 | 2/3 | 2/4 | 2/4 | 2/5 |
| Detector conversion factor red/blue [e−/ADU] | 1.15/1.1 | 1.15/1.1 | 1.13/1.09 | 1.13/1.09 | 1.13/1.09 | 1.13/1.09 |
| Total peak efficiency | 5% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 10% |
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