Phase-folded joint fit of Ross 176 b. Left panel: phase-folded transits from TESS (blue points) with the joint-fit model (black line). Right panel: phase-folded RV data from CARMENES (red points), with the joint-fit model (black line), and the 1σ, 2σ, and 3σ confidence intervals for the model (shaded gray areas). The two panels show the binned data for clarity (white points), the residuals from the fit at the bottom, and the error bars include the instrumental jitter term added in quadrature. The LC data are binned by ∼30 mins, and the RV data are binned by two points every 0.2 phase.