Four selected time intervals during PICAM observation time windows. For each observation, panels (a) report the ion energy spectrograms by PICAM and the inverse of the IMF radial component, −B_R, panels (b) the cosine of the scalar product between the PICAM boresight and the spacecraft velocity, C_VSC, (c) the radial component (blue) and magnitude (black) of the magnetic field, (d) the magnetic compressibility, C_B, and (e) the normalised deflection parameter, z.