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Fig. 3

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Fraction of surviving planetary systems over time (fs(t)) for HR 8799. The figure shows the isolated resonant system, the 50 perturbed resonant systems, the 50 isolated non-resonant systems, and the 50 perturbed non-resonant systems. In addition, a re-interpretation of the perturbed resonant systems that lost resonance is shown. These systems are shifted in time such that the moment they lose resonance is at t = 0. This subset constitutes 10 HR 8799 systems. All sets of systems display distinct behaviour from one another. The perturbed resonant systems that lost resonance dissolve slower than the non-resonant systems. The curve showing reinterpreted perturbed resonant systems is cut off at 8.8 Myr as we do not have data for the last 1.2 Myr. Later analysis in Sect. 4 shows in Table 1 that the isolated resonant curve and the perturbed resonant curve do not have a statistically significant difference as the difference between 0 and the value for λ for the perturbed resonant systems is not statistically significant.

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