Fig. 4
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Meridional profile of the disk temperature (left) and the volume density of small (right, bottom half) and large dust grains (right, upper half). The displayed plane coincides with the location of the planet. The temperature map also shows the isosurfaces at which T=21 K (solid red curve) and the optical depth to stellar irradiation becomes τirr=3 (dashed black curve). The width of the inset, in which we also mark the Hill sphere of the planet (dotted blue curve), is 24 au. The accreting planet heats its surroundings and maintains a bubble within which T>21 K and the freeze-out of CO molecules is prevented, unlike in the majority of the disk interior.
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