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Table 1

Summary of the parameters of our nominal hydrodynamic simulation.

Grid resolution(a) (r × φ × θ) 400 × 1300 × 192
Opening angle in colatitude 50°
Azimuthal coverage(a) 360°
Inner radial boundary(a) 40 au
Outer radial boundary(a) 250 au
Planet’s orbital distance(a) rp = 120 au
Initial gas surface density Eq. (25)
Viscosity parameter α=5 × 10−4
Adiabatic index γ=1.43
Mean molecular weight μ=2.3
Initial dust-to-gas ratio Z0=10−2
Initial solid mass fraction in large grains X0=0.9
Small dust grain size adsmall=0.1$a_{\text{d}}^{\text{small}}=0.1$ μm
Large dust grain size adlarge=1$a_{\text{d}}^{{\text{large}}}=1$ mm
Dust material density ρmat = 0.84 g cm−3
Dust opacity Sect. 2.2
Stellar temperature T = 4500 K
Stellar radius R = 2.5 R
Stellar mass M=1 M
Planet mass Mp(a) 1 MJup
Mass doubling time tacc(a) 0.1 Myr
Smoothing length rsm(a) 0.25 RH
No. of orbits to introduce Mp(a) 50
No. of simulated orbits (a) 800

Notes. (a) Applies to the final simulation stage with an embedded planet.

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