Table 1
Properties of the ices investigated in this study.
| Ice | T (K) | ρa (g cm -3) | n | d (Å) | PDb (Å) | SPb (eV/Å) | Doseb (eV/16 u) | Identified Irradiation Productsc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH4 | 8 | 0.47 | 1.36 | 98 | 788 | 0.90 | 5.1 | C2H4, polyynes |
| CH4:N2 (1:1) | 21 | 0.71 | - | - | 664 | - | - | C2H4, (cyano)polyynes |
| CH4:NH3 (1:1) | 8 | 0.60 | 1.36 | 347 | 656 | 2.01 | 9.0 | C2H4, (cyano)polyynes |
| C2H4 | 8 | 0.46 | 1.37 | 247 | 780 | 1.35 | 7.8 | C4H8, polyynes |
| C2H4:N2 (1:1) | 21 | 0.75 | - | - | 645 | - | - | (cyano)polyynes |
| C2H4:NH3 (1:1) | 8 | 0.59 | 1.36 | 237 | 764 | 1.48 | 6.7 | CH3NH2, (cyano)polyynes |
| C2H6 | 8 | 0.41 | 1.21 | 364 | 980 | 1.15 | 7.5 | C2H4, polyynes |
| C2H6:N2 (1:1) | 21 | 0.67 | - | - | 685 | - | - | C2H4, (cyano)polyynes |
| C2H6:NH3 (1:1) | 8 | 0.57 | 1.32 | 337 | 726 | 1.82 | 8.6 | C2H4, CH3NH2, (cyano)polyynes |
| C3H8 | 8 | 0.65 | 1.37 | 93 | 609 | 1.24 | 5.1 | C2H4, C4H8, polyynes |
| C3H8:N2 (1:1) | 8 | 0.80 | 1.37 | 90 | 563 | 1.34 | 4.5 | C2H4, (cyano)polyynes |
| C3H8:NH3 (1:1) | 8 | 0.69 | - | - | 584 | - | - | C2H4, CH3NH2, (cyano)polyynes |
| C6H14 | 8 | 1.00 | 1.36 | 123 | 420 | 2.39 | 6.4 | C2H4, C4H8, polyynes |
| C6H14:N2 (1:1) | 8 | 0.97 | 1.36 | 155 | 450 | 2.40 | 6.6 | C2H4, (cyano)polyynes |
| C6H14:NH3 (1:1) | 8 | 0.86 | - | - | 527 | - | - | C2H4, CH3NH2, (cyano)polyynes |
| C8H18 | 8 | 1.00 | 1.36 | 249 | 422 | 3.24 | 8.7 | C2H4, C4H8, polyynes |
| C8H18:N2 (1:1) | 8 | 0.97 | 1.36 | 150 | 473 | 2.46 | 6.8 | C2H4, (cyano)polyynes |
| C8H18:NH3 (1:1) | 8 | 0.86 | 1.36 | 175 | 480 | 2.26 | 7.0 | C2H4, CH3NH2, (cyano)polyynes |
Notes. (a)The density of solid CH4 was taken from the work of Luna et al. (2012), those of C2H4 and C2H6 were taken from the work of Satorre et al. (2017), and that of C3H8 was taken from the work of Hudson et al. (2021). The densities of solid C6H14 and C8H18 were approximated as 1 g cm-3. For mixed ices, densities were estimated as being the average value of the mixture components, in which the densities of N2 and NH3 were, respectively, taken to be 0.94 and 0.72 g cm-3 (Satorre et al. 2008, 2013); (b)PD and SP refer, respectively, to the penetration depth and stopping power of a 1 keV electron impacting the target ice orthogonally to its surface, as output by the CASINO model. A total exposure dose of 1 keV electrons is expressed in the units eV/16u, where u is the unified atomic mass unit defined as 1/12 of the mass of an isolated atom of 12C; (c) irradiation products were identified on the basis of their VUV spectroscopic features and changes observed during post-irradiative warming.
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