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Fig. 1.

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[C II] LF estimated from the targeted ALPINE detections by Yan et al. (2020, Y20) (black data points and error bars). We show the average between the estimates at redshift z ∼ 4.5 and 5.5. Our Schechter fits to the data are superposed with different fixed values of the faint-end slope α (purple, blue, and green lines). The dashed red line shows the LF fit obtained by Y20 combining multiple datasets at different wavelengths. The fit by Loiacono et al. (2021, L21) to the serendipitous (and clustered) ALPINE detections is shown with a dashed brown line. For comparison, the LF from the MARIGOLD numerical simulations by Khatri et al. (2025, K25) at z = 5 is represented by a dotted gold line.

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