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Fig. 5.

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Top panel: Distribution of quasar pairs across the complete redshift window of the SDSS DR16 quasar catalog. The highest concentration of pairs is found within the redshift range z ∈ [1.2, 2.8], totaling 2777 pairs. The catalog contains a total of 4011 pairs. Bottom panel: Distribution of quasar pairs detected within a cylindrical volume characterized by a projected radius of dp ≤ 2 Mpc and a length of |ΔV| = 900 km/s. Black vertical lines denote d p min 0.03 Mpc $ d^{\text{ min}}_{p}\simeq 0.03 \,\text{ Mpc} $, representing the minimum projected separation at which a quasar pair can be reliably identified. This threshold is determined by the angular resolution of the SDSS camera, set at θSDSS = 5″, along with a mean redshift value of zmean = 2.4.

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