Fig. 8
Download original image
Upper panel: protostellar disk substructure with or without a central cavity as a function of disk radius, mass, and bolometric temperature. Middle panel: fraction of disk with a central cavity versus the evolutionary stage traced by bolometric temperature. Bottom panel: fraction of disk with a central cavity versus the disk mass and radius. The bin size of eight disks was used to compute the fraction. The shaded region represents the 1σ uncertainty from counting statistics. All 24 protostellar disks are observed by ALMA Band 6 at a wavelength of 1.3 mm have a disk diameter greater than four times the resolution (θD/θres ≥ 4), with an inclination angle of less than 75°, and have substructures, and linear resolutions of less than 20 au.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.