Series of rotations to convert from the frame of reference of the binary to that of the observer. The binary frame of reference is spanned by the unit vectors ${\widehat{e}}_{\Vert }$, ${\widehat{e}}_{\perp }$ and ${\widehat{e}}_{\text{z}}$, while the observer frame of reference is defined by $\widehat{N}$, $\widehat{W}$, and $\widehat{O}$. The left-most figure shows the pre-explosion system, including the position of the ascending node for m₁ and the descending node for m₂, indicated with pluses. The following panels apply the rotation matrices R_ϵ, R_i and R_Ω. For reference, a transparent plane is shown that remains fixed during rotations, with its edges aligned with ${\widehat{e}}_{\Vert }$ and ${\widehat{e}}_{\perp }$ at the leftmost panel (darker shading indicates the orbit is behind the plane).