Open Access

Table A.1

Non-exhaustive list of main past surveys, looking for (or inventorying) stellar companions to exoplanet-hosts, used in compiling our database of systems with "S-type" configurations.

Reference Method Targets Sample Size
Patience et al. (2002) AO and speckle imaging 11 first RV hosts 2 binaries 1 triple
Raghavan et al. (2006) literature, photometry + astrometry RV planet hosts 30 binaries
Mugrauer et al. (2006) imaging, photometry + astrometry 3 binaries
Eggenberger et al. (2007, 2011) AO imaging + astrometry nearby stars 4 binaries 2 triple
Desidera & Barbieri (2007) literature census 37 multiple systems
Bonavita & Desidera (2007) literature UD Sample 15 multiple systems
Mugrauer & Neuhäuser (2009) imaging + literature census 43 multiple systems
Howell et al. (2011) Speckle imaging KOIs 10 companion candidates
Roell et al. (2012) census from catalogues and literature 57 multiple (15 new)
Adams et al. (2012, 2013) AO imaging KOIs 22 binary candidates
Lillo-Box et al. (2012, 2014) lucky imaging KOIs 44 companion candidates
Mugrauer et al. (2014) lucky imaging + astrometry Wide binaries 7 multiple systems
Wang et al. (2014, 2015) AO imaging, RV + color-analysis KOIs 59 candidates (6 bound)
Horch et al. (2014) speckle imaging + stat. analysis KOIs 108 candidates (20 bound)
Ngo et al. (2015) lucky imaging + astrometry HJ hosts 15 binaries and 2 triple
Ginski et al. (2016) lucky imaging + astrometry 11 candidates (4 bound)
Kraus et al. (2016) AO imaging KOIs 506 candidate binaries
Ngo et al. (2016) lucky imaging + astrometry HJ hosts 27 stellar companions
Evans et al. (2016) lucky imaging + astrometry 51 candidates (6 bound)
Baranec et al. (2016) AO KOIs 203 candidate companions
Ziegler et al. (2017) AO KOIs 221 candidate companions
Ngo et al. (2017) lucky imaging + astrometry RV giant hosts 8 binaries and 3 triple
Furlan et al. (2017) AO, speckle imaging and literature 87% of all KOIs 2207 candidate companions
Hirsch et al. (2017) colour analysis of Furlan objects <2" companions 56 bound companions
Martin (2018) literature census 80 multiple systems
Matson et al. (2018) speckle imaging K2 hosts 20 candidate companions
Ziegler et al. (2018) AO + photometric vetting KOIs 42 bound companions
Evans et al. (2018) imaging, astro-/photometry, literature transit hosts 7 bound companions
Mugrauer (2019) Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry <500pc 176 binaries and 27 triple
Ziegler et al. (2020, 2021) speckle imaging TOIs 206 candidate multiples
Mugrauer & Michel (2020, 2021) Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry TOIs 300 binaries and 20 triple
Hirsch et al. (2021) AO binary search, RV search for planets <25pc 8 planets in binaries
Colton et al. (2021) speckle imaging + astrometry KOIs 31 binaries and 3 triple
Fontanive & Bardalez Gagliuffi (2021) Gaia DR2 and literature <200pc 186 binaries and 32 triple
Michel & Mugrauer (2021) Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry <500pc 41 binaries and 5 triple
Mugrauer et al. (2022, 2023) Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry TOIs 258 binaries and 13 triple
Lester et al. (2023) astrometry to constrain orbit inclinations 13 binaries
Sullivan et al. (2023, 2024) AO + colour analysis of Furlan KOIs <2" companions 326 binaries
González-Payo et al. (2024) Gaia DR3, WDS and literature <100pc 212 multiple-star systems
Michel & Mugrauer (2024) Gaia DR3 astro- and photometry <625pc 311 binaries and 37 triple
Schlagenhauf et al. (2024) lucky imaging + astrometry 33 binaries and 10 triple
Jing et al. (2025) neural networks on LAMOST spectra 128 candidates

Notes. The "Sample Size" column gives the number of planet-hosting binaries (and/or multiples) whose characteristics are listed in each study. This number can correspond to the systems effectively observed or analysed in the survey (as for example in Furlan et al. 2017) or the number of already-known systems that have been compiled in the study (for example in Roell et al. 2012), or a combination of the two (as for example in González-Payo et al. 2024). "Candidates" refers to stellar companions whose bound character could not be established (as for example in purely "lucky imaging" surveys). We note that the number of detected companions listed in the last column includes companions to hosts of planet candidates.

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