Table A.1
Non-exhaustive list of main past surveys, looking for (or inventorying) stellar companions to exoplanet-hosts, used in compiling our database of systems with "S-type" configurations.
| Reference | Method | Targets | Sample Size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patience et al. (2002) | AO and speckle imaging | 11 first RV hosts | 2 binaries 1 triple |
| Raghavan et al. (2006) | literature, photometry + astrometry | RV planet hosts | 30 binaries |
| Mugrauer et al. (2006) | imaging, photometry + astrometry | 3 binaries | |
| Eggenberger et al. (2007, 2011) | AO imaging + astrometry | nearby stars | 4 binaries 2 triple |
| Desidera & Barbieri (2007) | literature census | 37 multiple systems | |
| Bonavita & Desidera (2007) | literature | UD Sample | 15 multiple systems |
| Mugrauer & Neuhäuser (2009) | imaging + literature census | 43 multiple systems | |
| Howell et al. (2011) | Speckle imaging | KOIs | 10 companion candidates |
| Roell et al. (2012) | census from catalogues and literature | 57 multiple (15 new) | |
| Adams et al. (2012, 2013) | AO imaging | KOIs | 22 binary candidates |
| Lillo-Box et al. (2012, 2014) | lucky imaging | KOIs | 44 companion candidates |
| Mugrauer et al. (2014) | lucky imaging + astrometry | Wide binaries | 7 multiple systems |
| Wang et al. (2014, 2015) | AO imaging, RV + color-analysis | KOIs | 59 candidates (6 bound) |
| Horch et al. (2014) | speckle imaging + stat. analysis | KOIs | 108 candidates (20 bound) |
| Ngo et al. (2015) | lucky imaging + astrometry | HJ hosts | 15 binaries and 2 triple |
| Ginski et al. (2016) | lucky imaging + astrometry | 11 candidates (4 bound) | |
| Kraus et al. (2016) | AO imaging | KOIs | 506 candidate binaries |
| Ngo et al. (2016) | lucky imaging + astrometry | HJ hosts | 27 stellar companions |
| Evans et al. (2016) | lucky imaging + astrometry | 51 candidates (6 bound) | |
| Baranec et al. (2016) | AO | KOIs | 203 candidate companions |
| Ziegler et al. (2017) | AO | KOIs | 221 candidate companions |
| Ngo et al. (2017) | lucky imaging + astrometry | RV giant hosts | 8 binaries and 3 triple |
| Furlan et al. (2017) | AO, speckle imaging and literature | 87% of all KOIs | 2207 candidate companions |
| Hirsch et al. (2017) | colour analysis of Furlan objects | <2" companions | 56 bound companions |
| Martin (2018) | literature census | 80 multiple systems | |
| Matson et al. (2018) | speckle imaging | K2 hosts | 20 candidate companions |
| Ziegler et al. (2018) | AO + photometric vetting | KOIs | 42 bound companions |
| Evans et al. (2018) | imaging, astro-/photometry, literature | transit hosts | 7 bound companions |
| Mugrauer (2019) | Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry | <500pc | 176 binaries and 27 triple |
| Ziegler et al. (2020, 2021) | speckle imaging | TOIs | 206 candidate multiples |
| Mugrauer & Michel (2020, 2021) | Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry | TOIs | 300 binaries and 20 triple |
| Hirsch et al. (2021) | AO binary search, RV search for planets | <25pc | 8 planets in binaries |
| Colton et al. (2021) | speckle imaging + astrometry | KOIs | 31 binaries and 3 triple |
| Fontanive & Bardalez Gagliuffi (2021) | Gaia DR2 and literature | <200pc | 186 binaries and 32 triple |
| Michel & Mugrauer (2021) | Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry | <500pc | 41 binaries and 5 triple |
| Mugrauer et al. (2022, 2023) | Gaia DR2 astro- and photometry | TOIs | 258 binaries and 13 triple |
| Lester et al. (2023) | astrometry to constrain orbit inclinations | 13 binaries | |
| Sullivan et al. (2023, 2024) | AO + colour analysis of Furlan KOIs | <2" companions | 326 binaries |
| González-Payo et al. (2024) | Gaia DR3, WDS and literature | <100pc | 212 multiple-star systems |
| Michel & Mugrauer (2024) | Gaia DR3 astro- and photometry | <625pc | 311 binaries and 37 triple |
| Schlagenhauf et al. (2024) | lucky imaging + astrometry | 33 binaries and 10 triple | |
| Jing et al. (2025) | neural networks on LAMOST spectra | 128 candidates |
Notes. The "Sample Size" column gives the number of planet-hosting binaries (and/or multiples) whose characteristics are listed in each study. This number can correspond to the systems effectively observed or analysed in the survey (as for example in Furlan et al. 2017) or the number of already-known systems that have been compiled in the study (for example in Roell et al. 2012), or a combination of the two (as for example in González-Payo et al. 2024). "Candidates" refers to stellar companions whose bound character could not be established (as for example in purely "lucky imaging" surveys). We note that the number of detected companions listed in the last column includes companions to hosts of planet candidates.
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