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Table B.2.

Uncertainty of different geophysical processes involved in the analysis presented in this Letter.

Δ LOD s $ \Delta \mathrm{LOD}_\mathrm{s}^{{\leftmoon}} $​ (ms/cy)
background tidal friction 0.01

tidal friction change 0.01

GIA 0.1

plate tectonics 0.02

core-climate coupling 10−5

core flows model-dependent (but < 0.1)

atmospheric contributions model-dependent (but < 0.1)

Notes. The unit is ms/cy. The processes include background tidal friction (Williams & Boggs 2016), tidal friction change (this study), GIA (Kiani Shahvandi et al. 2024a), plate tectonics (this study, in conjunction with Greff-Lefftz 2011), core-climate coupling (Kiani Shahvandi 2025), core flows (e.g., Kiani Shahvandi et al. 2024b; Suttie et al. 2025), and atmospheric contributions (see, e.g., Gross 2015). Please note that for GIA an extensive discussion is given Sect. 1 and Appendix B.

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