Insufficient evidence for DMS and DMDS in the atmosphere of K2-18 b - From a joint analysis of JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec, and MIRI observations

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Volume 700 (August 2025)

A&A, 700 (2025) A284

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Table C.1

Retrieved molecular abundances of prominent molecules in the atmosphere of K2-18 b.

Models	Dataset	log X_CH₄	log X_CO₂	log X_H₂O	log X_NH₃	log X_HCN	log X_CO	log X_DMS	log X_DMDS	log X_C₂H₆	ln Z
PLATON analyses
With DMS/DMDS/C₂H₆	`JExoRES`	$- {0.92}_{- 0.34}^{+ 0.24}$ $-0.92_{-0.34}^{+0.24}$	$- {1.97}_{- 0.97}^{+ 0.55}$ $-1.97_{-0.97}^{+0.55}$	< −3.56	< −5.04	< −3.29	< −3.61	< −4.37	< −4.52	< −1.14	29035.08
With C₂H₆	`JExoRES`	$- {0.94}_{- 0.37}^{+ 0.26}$ $-0.94_{-0.37}^{+0.26}$	$- {1.91}_{- 0.95}^{+ 0.52}$ $-1.91_{-0.95}^{+0.52}$	< −3.72	< −5.27	< −3.46	< −3.65	…	…	< −1.05	29035.69
With DMS/DMDS	`JExoRES`	$- {0.89}_{- 0.33}^{+ 0.22}$ $-0.89_{-0.33}^{+0.22}$	$- {1.95}_{- 0.96}^{+ 0.51}$ $-1.95_{-0.96}^{+0.51}$	< −3.4	< −5.05	< −3.18	< −3.63	< −4.17	< −4.34	…	29034.72
With DMS/DMDS - No MIRI	`JExoRES`	$- {0.84}_{- 0.30}^{+ 0.19}$ $-0.84_{-0.30}^{+0.19}$	$- {1.91}_{- 0.97}^{+ 0.50}$ $-1.91_{-0.97}^{+0.50}$	< −3.74	< −5.12	< −3.35	< −3.4	< −4.48	< −4.93	…	28820.43
Baseline	`JExoRES`	$- {0.85}_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.20}$ $-0.85_{-0.32}^{+0.20}$	$- {1.89}_{- 0.86}^{+ 0.49}$ $-1.89_{-0.86}^{+0.49}$	< −3.59	< −5.28	< −3.39	< −3.3	…	…	…	29035.03
SCARLET analyses
With DMS/DMDS/C₂H₆	`exoTEDRF`	$- {1.08}_{- 0.63}^{+ 0.33}$ $-1.08 _{ -0.63 }^{+ 0.33 }$	$- {4.87}_{- 4.59}^{+ 2.77}$ $-4.87 _{ -4.59 }^{+ 2.77 }$	< −2.16	< −3.36	< −2.25	N/A	< −3.21	< −2.79	< −2.1	−1933.71
With C₂H₆	`exoTEDRF`	$- {1.2}_{- 0.71}^{+ 0.42}$ $-1.2 _{ -0.71 }^{+ 0.42 }$	$- {3.55}_{- 4.39}^{+ 1.76}$ $-3.55 _{ -4.39 }^{+ 1.76 }$	< −2.69	< −3.53	< −2.6	N/A	…	…	N/A	−1935.819
With DMS/DMDS	`exoTEDRF`	$- {1.16}_{- 0.67}^{+ 0.35}$ $-1.16_{-0.67}^{+0.35}$	$- {4.83}_{- 4.22}^{+ 2.62}$ $-4.83_{-4.22}^{+2.62}$	< −2.26	< −3.32	< −2.40	N/A	< −3.36	< −2.70	…	−1933.338
Baseline	`exoTEDRF`	$- {1.25}_{- 0.73}^{+ 0.44}$ $-1.25_{-0.73}^{+0.44}$	$- {3.60}_{- 3.69}^{+ 1.70}$ $-3.60_{-3.69}^{+1.70}$	< −2.96	< −3.66	< −2.62	N/A	…	…	…	−1935.975
With DMS/DMDS/C₂H₆	`exoTEDRF+SPARTA`	$- {1.01}_{- 0.59}^{+ 0.29}$ $-1.01 _{ -0.59 }^{+ 0.29 }$	$- {2.2}_{- 4.84}^{+ 0.84}$ $-2.2 _{ -4.84 }^{+ 0.84 }$	< −2.21	< −3.90	< −2.99	N/A	< −2.79	< −3.99	N/A	−1881.47
With C₂H₆	`exoTEDRF+SPARTA`	$- {1.57}_{- 0.67}^{+ 0.60}$ $-1.57_{-0.67}^{+ 0.60}$	$- {1.61}_{- 1.54}^{+ 0.45}$ $-1.61 _{ -1.54 }^{+ 0.45 }$	< −3.73	< −4.56	< −4.41	N/A	…	…	N/A	−1883.651
With DMS/DMDS	`exoTEDRF+SPARTA`	$- {1.04}_{- 0.53}^{+ 0.32}$ $-1.04_{-0.53}^{+ 0.32}$	$- {2.13}_{- 3.98}^{+ 0.77}$ $-2.13_{-3.98}^{+0.77}$	< −2.55	< −4.08	< −3.07	N/A	< −2.87	< −4.07	…	−1881.242
Baseline	`exoTEDRF+SPARTA`	$- {1.61}_{- 0.72}^{+ 0.64}$ $-1.61_{-0.72}^{+0.64}$	$- {1.66}_{- 1.50}^{+ 0.46}$ $-1.66_{-1.50}^{+0.46}$	< −3.94	< −4.60	< −4.68	N/A	…	…	…	−1883.560

Notes. In the SCARLET retrievals, the CO abundance posteriors fill the entire range of the prior, leading to no abundance constraints, although the molecule is included in the model (N/A in the table). Upper limits mark the 95th percentile of the posterior.

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