Crossover time obtained from simulations starting with an initial core of M_core = 0.01 M_⊕. We plot the obtained crossover time t_g,cross as a color contour, and the color bar is shown on the right side of the panels. The horizontal and vertical axes are stellar mass M_s and the core formation time t₀. The black lines show the contour lines and the number on each line shows log₁₀ t_g,cross. The left and right columns correspond to the low (f_g = 0.01) and high (f_g = 1) grain opacity cases. The top and bottom rows show the high (α_turb = 10⁻³) and low (α_turb = 10⁻⁵) turbulent viscosity cases.