The Titan wakefield effects due to solar wind streaming

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Table 1

Observed data for the plasma parameters in the Titan ionosphere (Whang et al. 2003; Richardson & Smith 2003; Richardson et al. 2004; Garnier et al. 2009).

Plasma parameters	At altitudes (1600–1700 km)
HCNH⁺, density, n₁₀ (cm⁻³)	0.8–8
$C_{2} H_{5}^{+}$ $\[\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}^{+}\]$ , density n₂₀ (cm⁻³)	1–10
${C H}_{5}^{+}$ $\[\mathrm{CH}_{5}^{+}\]$ , density n₃₀ (cm⁻³)	0.5–9
Solar wind protons density, n_sp0 (cm⁻³)	0.2–10
Solar wind electrons density, n_se0 (cm⁻³)	0.2–10
Solar wind protons’ velocity, u_sp0 (cm/s)	(300–600) × 10⁵
Ionospheric ions temperatures T_1,2,3 (K)	15–1100
Ionospheric electron temperature T_e (K)	150–11 000
Solar wind protons temperature T_sp (K)	(1–6) × 10⁴
Solar wind electrons temperature T_se (K)	(1–6) × 10⁴

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