Insight-HXMT spectral and timing studies of a giant outburst in RX J0440.9+4431

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Volume 701 (September 2025)

A&A, 701 (2025) A213

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Table A.1.

Observation IDs of the Insight-HXMT observations covering 2022-2023 Giant outburst of RX J0440.9+4431.

ObsID	Time Start (UTC)	Exposure time (s)	MJD	Flux(1-120 keV )^a	PF^b(%)	PF^b(%)	PF^b(%)
ObsID	Time Start (UTC)	LE/ME/HE	MJD	(10⁻⁹ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹)	(1-10 keV )	(10-30 keV )	(30-150 keV )
P0514361001	2022-12-31	2556/13290/11950	59944.40	$18 . 55_{- 1.42}^{+ 1.58}$ $18.55^{+1.58}_{-1.42}$	44.12 ± 0.90	30.40 ± 0.38	38.70 ± 0.42
P0514361002	2023-01-01	1676/8868/7128	59945.46	$18 . 86_{- 1.67}^{+ 1.85}$ $18.86^{+1.85}_{-1.67}$	43.90 ± 1.00	32.83 ± 0.43	38.98 ± 0.53
P0514361003	2023-01-02	1601/7872/6919	59946.65	$16 . 28_{- 1.46}^{+ 1.62}$ $16.28^{+1.62}_{-1.46}$	44.66 ± 0.95	32.38 ± 0.46	31.10 ± 0.56
P0514361004	2023-01-03	1736/9217/6038	59947.44	$17 . 24_{- 1.57}^{+ 1.75}$ $17.24^{+1.75}_{-1.57}$	43.82 ± 0.96	31.90 ± 0.43	35.71 ± 0.55
P0514361005	2023-01-04	1469/7370/7313	59948.63	$16 . 56_{- 1.42}^{+ 1.82}$ $16.56^{+1.82}_{-1.42}$	46.22 ± 1.03	31.00 ± 0.50	36.04 ± 0.73
P0514361015	2023-01-09	598.5/6169/6021	59953.13	$10 . 76_{- 2.08}^{+ 3.01}$ $10.76^{+3.01}_{-2.08}$	45.80 ± 2.19	34.17 ± 0.81	45.09 ± 1.64
P0514361016	2023-01-10	419/6068/7578	59954.72	$7 . 03_{- 1.58}^{+ 2.33}$ $7.03^{+2.33}_{-1.58}$	48.43 ± 4.82	32.24 ± 0.93	44.08 ± 1.61
P0514361017	2023-01-11	1059/5717/4680	59955.51	$7 . 11_{- 1.42}^{+ 1.87}$ $7.11^{+1.87}_{-1.42}$	46.57 ± 2.53	32.37 ± 1.34	36.08 ± 2.85
P0514361018	2023-01-12	830.9/4553/6059	59956.70	$6 . 25_{- 1.48}^{+ 2.00}$ $6.25^{+2.00}_{-1.48}$	40.05 ± 3.01	32.67 ± 1.39	49.41 ± 3.08
P0514361019	2023-01-13	2585/5178/7551	59957.63	$6 . 39_{- 1.13}^{+ 1.40}$ $6.39^{+1.40}_{-1.13}$	50.95 ± 2.03	35.94 ± 1.53	55.65 ± 3.63
P0514361022	2023-01-17	1166/3365/3330	59961.86	$30 . 06_{- 4.84}^{+ 5.89}$ $30.06^{+5.89}_{-4.84}$	41.84 ± 1.13	32.21 ± 0.67	46.81 ± 0.96
P0514361023	2023-01-18	3612/4514/5922	59962.65	$15 . 19_{- 2.92}^{+ 3.17}$ $15.19^{+3.17}_{-2.92}$	44.16 ± 0.65	34.34 ± 0.51	35.43 ± 0.53
P0514361024	2023-01-20	3520/6991/5861	59964.04	$19 . 20_{- 1.91}^{+ 2.12}$ $19.20^{+2.12}_{-1.91}$	51.20 ± 0.52	36.41 ± 0.36	35.16 ± 0.42
P0514361025	2023-01-21	4535/5623/5125	59965.37	$17 . 09_{- 0.90}^{+ 1.24}$ $17.09^{+1.24}_{-0.90}$	47.62 ± 0.64	33.97 ± 0.37	39.20 ± 0.40
P0514361026	2023-01-22	3369/3612/5311	59966.50	$21 . 62_{- 3.42}^{+ 2.91}$ $21.62^{+2.91}_{-3.42}$	50.33 ± 0.49	36.54 ± 0.44	39.04 ± 0.36
P0514361027	2023-01-23	2918/3141/4266	59967.56	$26 . 32_{- 2.82}^{+ 3.14}$ $26.32^{+3.14}_{-2.82}$	54.38 ± 0.54	39.86 ± 0.46	42.70 ± 0.37
P0514361028	2023-01-24	5222/5719/6215	59968.35	$21 . 34_{- 1.71}^{+ 1.83}$ $21.34^{+1.83}_{-1.71}$	51.42 ± 0.42	39.99 ± 0.31	43.55 ± 0.30
P0514361029	2023-01-25	9677/11670/11770	59969.01	$23 . 13_{- 1.30}^{+ 1.35}$ $23.13^{+1.35}_{-1.30}$	55.85 ± 0.28	39.79 ± 0.21	45.77 ± 0.22
P0514361030	2023-01-26	8438/11330/12040	59970.00	$23 . 85_{- 3.45}^{+ 2.81}$ $23.85^{+2.81}_{-3.45}$	58.13 ± 0.28	40.40 ± 0.21	49.44 ± 0.18
P0514361031	2023-01-27	5995/6957/6806	59971.26	$27 . 28_{- 1.97}^{+ 2.15}$ $27.28^{+2.15}_{-1.97}$	55.25 ± 0.32	42.34 ± 0.24	52.69 ± 0.20
P0514361032	2023-01-28	5566/6745/7951	59972.32	$31 . 00_{- 1.00}^{+ 1.08}$ $31.00^{+1.08}_{-1.00}$	57.43 ± 0.28	47.65 ± 0.22	56.78 ± 0.18
P0514361035	2023-01-29	22200/35510/35410	59973.11	$33 . 74_{- 0.72}^{+ 0.77}$ $33.74^{+0.77}_{-0.72}$	51.77 ± 0.14	42.76 ± 0.09	52.42 ± 0.09
P0514361036	2023-01-31	7176/15690/16050	59975.49	$32 . 16_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.24}$ $32.16^{+0.24}_{-0.24}$	57.28 ± 0.23	49.67 ± 0.13	58.14 ± 0.12
P0514361037	2023-02-01	11230/20680/18800	59976.48	$32 . 10_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.24}$ $32.10^{+0.24}_{-0.24}$	61.04 ± 0.17	52.83 ± 0.11	65.19 ± 0.10
P0514361038	2023-02-02	29970/61060/58130	59977.80	$31 . 05_{- 0.31}^{+ 0.32}$ $31.05^{+0.32}_{-0.31}$	53.22 ± 0.22	53.77 ± 0.27	57.12 ± 0.30
P0514361040	2023-02-05	6900/13560/10830	59980.71	$30 . 16_{- 0.61}^{+ 0.62}$ $30.16^{+0.62}_{-0.61}$	64.04 ± 0.22	58.73 ± 0.13	69.38 ± 0.13
P0514361041	2023-02-06	5765/8863/8135	59981.77	$29 . 42_{- 0.73}^{+ 0.73}$ $29.42^{+0.73}_{-0.73}$	64.14 ± 0.25	57.82 ± 0.16	70.72 ± 0.15
P0514361042	2023-02-07	5419/7325/7207	59982.76	$29 . 23_{- 1.49}^{+ 1.70}$ $29.23^{+1.70}_{-1.49}$	64.18 ± 0.28	58.38 ± 0.18	71.44 ± 0.16
P0514361043	2023-02-08	12500/23260/24940	59983.95	$29 . 48_{- 1.32}^{+ 1.43}$ $29.48^{+1.43}_{-1.32}$	62.25 ± 0.19	54.98 ± 0.11	66.70 ± 0.09
P0514361044	2023-02-10	8861/15880/15410	59985.87	$31 . 05_{- 1.27}^{+ 1.37}$ $31.05^{+1.37}_{-1.27}$	61.97 ± 0.23	53.74 ± 0.14	67.33 ± 0.12
P0514361045	2023-02-12	1077/3717/3559	59987.92	$31 . 99_{- 2.45}^{+ 2.74}$ $31.99^{+2.74}_{-2.45}$	61.86 ± 0.67	53.53 ± 0.30	65.63 ± 0.25
P0514361046	2023-02-13	1038/4218/2910	59988.91	$27 . 78_{- 1.16}^{+ 1.22}$ $27.78^{+1.22}_{-1.16}$	60.78 ± 0.64	53.29 ± 0.28	66.22 ± 0.28
P0514361047	2023-02-14	1506/4426/4842	59989.90	$27 . 68_{- 1.30}^{+ 1.35}$ $27.68^{+1.35}_{-1.30}$	57.45 ± 0.64	49.68 ± 0.29	61.96 ± 0.23
P0514361048	2023-02-15	2795/6348/6389	59990.83	$37 . 57_{- 3.46}^{+ 3.44}$ $37.57^{+3.44}_{-3.46}$	57.10 ± 0.47	47.35 ± 0.24	57.03 ± 0.20
P0514361049	2023-02-17	1196/5263/3478	59992.48	$34 . 81_{- 6.41}^{+ 15.96}$ $34.81^{+15.96}_{-6.41}$	54.53 ± 0.77	43.52 ± 0.29	48.45 ± 0.34
P0514361050	2023-02-18	1831/5465/4994	59993.80	$27 . 75_{- 1.09}^{+ 1.14}$ $27.75^{+1.14}_{-1.09}$	54.01 ± 0.57	44.87 ± 0.28	50.42 ± 0.26
P0514361051	2023-02-19	2040/4091/4266	59994.86	$39 . 31_{- 2.51}^{+ 2.72}$ $39.31^{+2.72}_{-2.51}$	55.55 ± 0.54	44.91 ± 0.33	48.95 ± 0.30
P0514361052	2023-02-20	940.6/5663/7660	59995.92	$28 . 65_{- 1.77}^{+ 1.92}$ $28.65^{+1.92}_{-1.77}$	58.92 ± 0.97	48.98 ± 0.31	47.07 ± 0.28
P0514361053	2023-02-23	3052/18500/21180	59998.04	$34 . 84_{- 1.54}^{+ 1.65}$ $34.84^{+1.65}_{-1.54}$	53.70 ± 0.44	46.28 ± 0.16	47.88 ± 0.14
P0514361054	2023-02-24	3405/17200/17370	59999.49	$36 . 34_{- 1.71}^{+ 1.83}$ $36.34^{+1.83}_{-1.71}$	51.39 ± 0.39	44.28 ± 0.16	44.42 ± 0.15
P0514361055	2023-02-26	7333/26460/18190	60001.14	$22 . 18_{- 1.99}^{+ 1.99}$ $22.18^{+1.99}_{-1.99}$	55.40 ± 0.29	43.27 ± 0.14	41.11 ± 0.17
P0514361056	2023-02-28	6291/20130/21640	60003.98	$18 . 59_{- 0.62}^{+ 0.62}$ $18.59^{+0.62}_{-0.62}$	52.40 ± 0.36	40.90 ± 0.18	35.08 ± 0.18
P0514361057	2023-03-02	3920/7867/10620	60005.77	$17 . 34_{- 0.70}^{+ 0.72}$ $17.34^{+0.72}_{-0.70}$	52.94 ± 0.46	42.89 ± 0.29	33.53 ± 0.28
P0514361058	2023-03-03	3365/7134/9098	60006.69	$16 . 08_{- 1.40}^{+ 1.24}$ $16.08^{+1.24}_{-1.40}$	47.21 ± 0.53	35.38 ± 0.33	34.57 ± 0.32
P0514361059	2023-03-04	2069/6181/9299	60007.69	$15 . 68_{- 0.90}^{+ 0.93}$ $15.68^{+0.93}_{-0.90}$	50.36 ± 0.66	37.77 ± 0.36	30.42 ± 0.34
P0514361060	2023-03-05	4666/8011/8855	60008.61	$14 . 64_{- 0.62}^{+ 0.63}$ $14.64^{+0.63}_{-0.62}$	51.35 ± 0.44	35.73 ± 0.33	30.42 ± 0.36
P0514361061	2023-03-06	2453/6756/8197	60009.87	$13 . 41_{- 1.35}^{+ 1.28}$ $13.41^{+1.28}_{-1.35}$	50.03 ± 0.70	34.15 ± 0.38	31.15 ± 0.43
P0514361062	2023-03-07	3062/8401/9526	60010.79	$12 . 87_{- 0.98}^{+ 0.97}$ $12.87^{+0.97}_{-0.98}$	48.82 ± 0.64	31.99 ± 0.35	27.67 ± 0.39
P0514361064	2023-03-13	1812/3832/4191	60016.81	$9 . 68_{- 0.75}^{+ 0.78}$ $9.68^{+0.78}_{-0.75}$	44.61 ± 0.97	30.25 ± 0.64	39.88 ± 0.81
P0514361065	2023-03-15	3352/9127/6893	60018.13	$9 . 02_{- 0.53}^{+ 0.55}$ $9.02^{+0.55}_{-0.53}$	39.47 ± 0.75	25.32 ± 0.46	40.03 ± 0.73
P0514361066	2023-03-16	3292/8080/7278	60019.99	$7 . 97_{- 0.49}^{+ 0.51}$ $7.97^{+0.51}_{-0.49}$	46.70 ± 0.79	26.43 ± 0.52	37.28 ± 0.81
P0514361067	2023-03-18	1137/4822/4367	60021.77	$7 . 44_{- 0.61}^{+ 0.65}$ $7.44^{+0.65}_{-0.61}$	36.66 ± 1.75	22.97 ± 0.78	42.07 ± 1.23
P0514361068	2023-03-19	1809/6872/6719	60022.96	$10 . 45_{- 2.71}^{+ 3.08}$ $10.45^{+3.08}_{-2.71}$	34.04 ± 1.17	23.60 ± 0.63	41.19 ± 1.05
P0514361071	2023-03-21	2609/3760/4936	60024.55	$9 . 12_{- 2.22}^{+ 2.31}$ $9.12^{+2.31}_{-2.22}$	33.33 ± 1.02	22.05 ± 0.83	40.46 ± 1.13
P0514361072	2023-03-23	2977/8043/6296	60026.01	$12 . 59_{- 2.29}^{+ 2.81}$ $12.59^{+2.81}_{-2.29}$	30.13 ± 0.98	19.39 ± 0.63	38.44 ± 1.27
P0514361073	2023-03-24	1542/4885/5402	60027.79	$11 . 75_{- 2.43}^{+ 3.35}$ $11.75^{+3.35}_{-2.43}$	32.31 ± 1.34	19.43 ± 0.84	40.79 ± 1.35
P0514361074	2023-03-26	5105/4948/5490	60029.25	$9 . 98_{- 1.40}^{+ 1.68}$ $9.98^{+1.68}_{-1.40}$	26.07 ± 0.81	20.45 ± 0.87	41.59 ± 1.50

Notes. ^a The unabsorbed flux of RX J0440.9+4431 is computed from the best-fit cutoffpl model in the energy range 1-120 keV (see Section 3.2.1). ^b The PF ((I_max-I_min)/(I_max+I_min)) was calculated from the background-subtracted light curves. The error on the PF estimates is obtained from the propagation of errors.

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