Images of the MQN01-QC galaxy located ∼10 kpc south of the hyper-luminous QSO CTS G18.01 at z ≈ 3.2. Left panel: JWST/NIRCam F322W2 snapshot (Wang et al. 2025). Central panel: Same as the left panel but with two rounds of quasar light removal (QSO − PSF). The result, shown in the lower-right half of the image below the dotted demarcation line provides a remarkably clearer view of the galaxy (indicated by the circle) compared to the original image on the left. Details about the light removal and stellar mass estimation are described in Sects. 2.4 and 3.4, respectively. Similar steps were conducted to the NIRCam F150W2 filter image. Right panel: ALMA 3 mm dust continuum image. The dashed gray lines indicate the nominal location of the sources as derived from the peak of the dust continuum. The dotted and solid contours in the ALMA map correspond to −2σ and [3, 2n]σ, respectively, where n > 1 is an integer, and σ denotes the noise RMS. The ALMA synthesized beam is shown as a yellow ellipse in the bottom right corner.