Rest-frame U − V (upper panels) and V − J (lower panels) colors vs. stellar mass in four redshift bins. Star-forming galaxies are shown in blue and quiescent in red, separated by their location in the V − J vs. U − V color-color diagram as defined by Muzzin et al. (2013) and shown here in Fig. 2. Solid lines are running medians, calculated with a spline-quantile regression (COBS library; Ng & Maechler 2007, 2022). The dashed lines show the running median lines from the 0.5 <  z <  1 (leftmost) panels. Green circles indicate submillimeter-detected galaxies. The error bars in the top-right corner of each panel show the median random uncertainty on the rest-frame colors, including the measurement uncertainty of the observed fluxes and the propagated uncertainties from the SED fit.